Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Hospitalized Adolescents: Psychiatric Comorbidity and Clinical Correlates

Lipschitz, Deborah S.; Winegar, Robert K.; Hartnick, Elizabeth; Foote, Brad; Southwick, Steven M.

doi:10.1097/00004583-199904000-00010

Cited by 160 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…CD girls were more likely to report exposure to sexual assault, whereas CD boys were more likely to report exposure to vehicle accidents, dangerous falls, physical assaults, and witnessing the death or attempted suicide of a loved one. These results are consistent with previous findings that link exposure to sexual abuse and victimization to the development of PTSD in females (15,16,33). Similarly, the greater involvement of boys in risk-taking activities and exposure to violent acts is consistent with Steiner and others' findings in a juvenile delinquent sample (1).…”

Section: Sex Differences In Ptsd Symptomssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In contrast, very little is known about the sex differences when CD and PTSD occur together. For example, previous research suggests that the rate ofPTSD in CD girls is likely higher than that in CD boys (16). In addition, CD girls may show different PTSD symptoms than boys.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sex differences in the exposure ofCD youth to traumatic events associated with PTSD are also relevant. Girls are at higher risk for PTSD when they are exposed to risk factors such as sexual abuse (16). Finally, it is important to explore sex differences in the developmental path to comorbid PTSD and CD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder: Sex Differences and Onset Patterns

et al. 2000

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Objective: To examine sex differences in the rate andsymptoms ofposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma exposure, and onset patterns in youth with conduct disorder (CD).Method: Youth admitted to a clinicalfacility for severe behaviour problems completed the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents -Revised (DICA-R) . Studies demonstrate elevated rates of PTSD in delinquent adolescents and young adults, presumably because exposure to trauma potentiates both delinquent behaviour and PTSD. For example, in a study of incarcerated male juvenile offenders, Steiner and others found that over one-half of the participants fulfilled partial (20%) or full (32%) criteria for PTSD (1). They noted that these rates far exceeded those found in a nonclinical adolescent comparison group. Male juvenile offenders most frequently reported traumatic events involving interfamilial violence (for example, abuse, murder, or serious injury) and exposure to community violence (gang-related activities). In a subsequent study, Cauffman and others found that approximately two-thirds of the incarcerated female juvenile offenders they studied met partial (12%) or full (49%) criteria for PTSD (2). These rates were significantly higher than those noted for comparable male juvenile offenders. Further, compared with male offenders, female offenders more frequently reported being victims ofviolent acts (51%; 15% for males) rather than witnesses to such acts (17%; 48% for males).Although delinquency and conduct disorder (CD) are not interchangeable terms, it is generally agreed that there is substantial overlap. Both CD and PTSD show strong associations with other psychiatric conditions. Although research shows that CD can occur in isolation, it occurs most frequently in conjunction with Axis I disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders (3-8), and Axis II personality disorders (9). Researchers have also consistently reported that PTSD is associated with various psychiatric conditions (10). Axis I disorders that are frequently comorbid with PTSD include depression (11,12), anxiety disorders (13,14), substance use disorders (15), and eating and somatization disorders (16). Comorbid Axis II disorders, including borderline personality disorder, have also been noted (17). Since CD and PTSD each carry a high level ofcomorbidity on both Axis I and Axis II, the association between them poses a challenge for researchers and clinicians.Sex differences in the clinical presentation of PTSD and CD further complicate efforts to understand comorbidity between these disorders. Well-established is the sex difference in the prevalence of CD-while it is predominantly a male disorder (4,18), it is the second most prevalent psychiatric

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Section: Sex Differences In Ptsd Symptomssupporting

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder: Sex Differences and Onset Patterns

et al. 2000

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“…Given the strong association between PTSD and binge eating and/or purging Brewerton, 2004;Brady, Killeen, Brewerton & Lucerini, 2000), males with PTSD may be particularly vulnerable to the development of comorbid ED symptoms (Mitchell et al, 2012). Lipschitz et al (1999) found that adolescent males with PTSD were more likely to have comorbid ED than were males without PTSD diagnoses (42.8% vs. 3.6%). Mitchell et al (2012) concluded that PTSD seems to present an additional risk for disordered eating, beyond that due to TE alone, and this pattern is particularly strong for men.…”

Section: Ed Comorbidity In Malesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Eating Disorders (PTED): Perceived Causal Relations Between Trauma-related Symptoms and Eating Disorders

Thornley¹,

Frewen²

2016

Personality and Individual Differences

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and eating disorders (ED) are frequently comorbid psychological conditions in persons who have experienced traumatic life events. This thesis investigates a gendered analysis of the co-occurrence of symptoms of ED, PTSD, and dissociation using Perceived Causal Relations (PCR) scaling in a convenience sample recruited online (n = 523) as well as in persons seeking inpatient treatment for ED (n = 12). Within the internet community sample, re-experiencing, avoidance and dissociative experiences were found to mediate the relationship between trauma history and ED symptoms in men and women.Although dissociation was a consistent mediator in this relationship, it was not perceived as a significantly greater cause of ED-related behaviours than vice versa on PCR. Within the clinical sample, ED-related behaviours were often perceived as effects of trauma-related, anxiety and mood symptoms. The implications of these results for understanding the comorbidity of ED and trauma-related symptoms are discussed.

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“…En plus de comparer les individus au plan de l'âge, des chercheurs se sont attardés aux différences intersexes. Certains auteurs démontrent qu'il n'y a pas de différence entre les filles et les garçons concernant le nombre ou les types d'événements traumatisants vécus (Giaconia et al, 1995;Lipschitz, Winegar, Hartnick, Foote, & Southwick, 1999). D'autres affirment cependant que les garçons font face plus fréquemment que les filles à ce genre d'incidents mais que ces dernières développent davantage d'ESPT (Breslau, Davis, Andreski, & Peterson, 1991;Noms, 1992).…”

Section: Adaptation Psychologique Et Physiologique à L'adolescenceunclassified

Étude de la dissociation, du stress physiologique et de la mémoire en fonction de la présence d'un état de stress post-traumatique chez des adolescents résidant en centre jeunesse /

Girard¹

2006

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Hospitalized Adolescents: Psychiatric Comorbidity and Clinical Correlates

Cited by 160 publications

References 27 publications

Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder: Sex Differences and Onset Patterns

Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder: Sex Differences and Onset Patterns

Posttraumatic Eating Disorders (PTED): Perceived Causal Relations Between Trauma-related Symptoms and Eating Disorders

Étude de la dissociation, du stress physiologique et de la mémoire en fonction de la présence d'un état de stress post-traumatique chez des adolescents résidant en centre jeunesse /

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