Posttraumatic Stress and Youth Violence Perpetration: a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Aebi, Marcel; Mohler‐Kuo, Meichun; Barra, Steffen; Schnyder, Ulrich; Maier, Thomas; Landolt, Markus A.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.08.007

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The direct impact of trauma‐related distress on physical aggression found in the current study underscores the unique contribution of trauma‐related distress on later aggression, even after controlling for aggression at previous waves. The current findings are consistent with past cross‐sectional studies that have found a strong association between trauma‐related distress and aggression (Abate et al, ; Aebi et al, ; Marsee, ). Given the high prevalence rates of childhood victimization and exposure to violence, assessment of trauma‐related distress should be more widespread within violence prevention and intervention research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The association between trauma‐related distress and various forms of aggression is supported by numerous cross‐sectional studies (e.g., Abate, Marshall, Sharp, & Venta, ; Aebi et al, ; Marsee, ). Two longitudinal studies found that trauma‐related distress mediated the relation between traumatic experiences and externalizing behaviors, including dating violence (Wolfe et al, ) and symptoms of conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Cromer & Villodas, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Longitudinal relations between trauma‐related psychological distress and physical aggression among urban early adolescents

Thompson

Farrell

2019

J Clin Psychol

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There is convincing evidence that trauma‐related psychological distress and aggressive behavior are highly related among adolescents. The evidence is less clear regarding the direction of this relation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine reciprocal longitudinal relations between trauma‐related distress and physical aggression. Method: A predominantly African American sample of early adolescents (N = 2,271; mean age = 12.9) living in an urban, under‐resourced community participated in this investigation. The current study used autoregressive cross‐lagged models to examine changes across four waves of data within each grade of middle school. Results: Support was found for trauma‐related distress uniquely predicting increased levels of physical aggression. This effect was consistent across gender and within and across middle school grades. Conversely, physical aggression did not predict changes in trauma‐related distress. Conclusions: Violence prevention efforts should routinely screen for trauma‐related distress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Longitudinal relations between trauma‐related psychological distress and physical aggression among urban early adolescents

Thompson

Farrell

2019

J Clin Psychol

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“…Several international studies including one in the USA (Carlson & Schafer, 2010) and one in South Africa (Richter et al, 2018) found that across the prison population, the majority of perpetrators had been victims of childhood trauma including witness to or victim of interpersonal violence. In a nationally representative US sample, 99% of perpetrators of violence had reported being victims of violence themselves (Maschi & Bradley, 2008) and other studies have found prevalence rates of between 60% and 90% of exposure to violence amongst young offenders (Aebi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Violence: the Problemmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In an European population-based survey of over 6,000 ninth graders in Switzerland, it was found that those who experienced trauma were significantly more likely to engage in violence and males, particularly those with high levels of dysphoric arousal and low levels of anxiety, were particularly at risk of perpetrating violence (Aebi et al, 2017). Although around 85% of the general population will recover following trauma, this is greatly reduced in the justice population with estimates as low as 20% depending on the nature of the trauma and dose-response effects (Buckingham, 2016).…”

Section: Violence: the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility of a Psycho-Social Approach for Understanding and Addressing Male Youth Violence: The Interface between Traumatic Experiences and Masculinity

Walsh¹

2019

Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma

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The long-term relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) such as exposure to violence in the home and in the community, healthharming behaviors, poor physical and mental health outcomes, and ultimately, early mortality was first documented by Felitti et al. (1998) in their seminal study with more 8,000 people in the United States. However, it is clear that not all people experience the same types of adversity (Grasso, Dierkhishing, Branson, Ford, & Lee, 2015) and even when they do, the behavioral outcomes vary considerably (Cecila, Viding, Fearon, Glaser, & McCrory, 2017). Exposure to extra-familial violence and subsequent violent offending appears to be particularly gendered (McNaughton-Ryes, Foshee, Chen, & Ennett, 2018; Vaswani, 2018). Since the original investigation, later epidemiological studies, such as those in the UK have confirmed thedeleterious and doseresponse effects of adversity during childhood on later offending behaviors, with those exposed to multiple adversities and violent trauma, significantly more likely to engage in violence (Bellis, Hughes, Leckenby, Perkins, & Lowey, 2014). Violence may be a significant social problem with both social and economic costs (Walsh, 2018) but however pervasive (Krauss, 2006), it is not a new phenomenon. Records suggest that observers were keen to understand the mechanics of intentional aggressive behavior as far back as the time of the ABSTRACT Violent offending is a key concern to criminologists, but current paradigms have not fully explained why some people are violent and others are not. Despite the fact that between 80% and 98% of all violent-related crimes are perpetrated by males, few studies have convincingly examined why this is the case. Violence is traumatic and is one of the most commonly experienced traumas internationally. Violence is the leading cause of death for young men ages under 24 globally, and in addition to fatalities, there are 10 times more violence-related injuries. In the UK, 78% of perpetrators of violent crime are male, and the vast majority of victims are male. Two things appear clear: violence is pervasive and is the most common trauma experienced by boys and young men. This article seeks to highlight the need for both a trauma-informed approach as well as a gender-conscious approach in the discourse around violence prevention research, policy, and practice.

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“…Furthermore, traumatic experiences of the children and adolescents may increase the risk of escalating interactions and physical violence against youth welfare staff [34,35]. Much of the abundant literature on the association between traumatic experiences and auto-aggression has come to the conclusion that traumatic experiences in childhood are a prominent risk factor for aggressive behaviour and conduct problems throughout the course of a survivors' life [12,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. The close correlation could be explained, for example, by the misinterpretation of specific social interactions [44][45][46][47][48], model learning, deficits in implicit and explicit emotion regulation [49], especially the selfregulation of aggressive impulses, deficits in the ability to mentalise and be empathic [50] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of trauma-informed care on hair cortisol concentration in youth welfare staff and client physical aggression towards staff: results of a longitudinal study

et al. 2020

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Background: Professional caregivers working in child and youth welfare institutions are frequently faced with the complex mental health issues, emotional needs and challenging coping strategies of clients with cumulated traumatic experiences, leaving them prone to developing high levels of stress, burn-out and compassion fatigue. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a milieu-therapeutic approach that aims to promote the self-efficacy and self-care of youth welfare staff by guiding them to a better understanding of their own and their clients' stress symptoms and countertransference. Despite increasing efforts to implement TIC practices, and more widespread recognition of their value in youth welfare systems, there is a lack of studies evaluating the effectiveness of this approach. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of TIC practices in youth welfare institutions on both the physiological stress of staff members and clients' physical aggression towards their caregivers. . Methods:Data was obtained from a longitudinal study investigating the effectiveness of TIC in 14 residential youth welfare institutions. Our sample consisted of 47 youth welfare employees (66.0% female) aged from 23 to 60 years (M = 37.4, SD = 10.4 years). Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and occurrences of client physical aggression were assessed at four annual measurement time points (T1 to T4). Results: Participants in five institutions employing TIC practices (intervention group) showed significantly lower HCC at T4 than staff members from institutions who did not receive training in TIC (control group), indicating reduced physiological stress levels. At T4, the intervention group reported significantly less physical aggression than the control group.Conclusions: TIC might be a promising approach for reducing the emotional burden of employees and institutions should invest in training their staff in TIC practices. More research is necessary, to investigate the benefits and efficacy of TIC, both to youths and staff members, and to foster a better understanding of which specific factors may contribute to stress reduction.

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Posttraumatic Stress and Youth Violence Perpetration: a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 40 publications

References 48 publications

Longitudinal relations between trauma‐related psychological distress and physical aggression among urban early adolescents

Longitudinal relations between trauma‐related psychological distress and physical aggression among urban early adolescents

The Utility of a Psycho-Social Approach for Understanding and Addressing Male Youth Violence: The Interface between Traumatic Experiences and Masculinity

Effect of trauma-informed care on hair cortisol concentration in youth welfare staff and client physical aggression towards staff: results of a longitudinal study

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