Posttraumatic Growth in Populations with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder—A Systematic Review on Growth‐Related Psychological Constructs and Biological Variables

Schubert, Christine F.; Schmidt, Ulrike; Rosner, Rita

doi:10.1002/cpp.1985

Cited by 103 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(272 reference statements)

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“…A comprehensive literature review was conducted by searching databases (e.g., Lipsey & Wilson, 2001) and relevant review articles (Benight & Bandura, 2004;DiGangi et al, 2013;Long & Gallagher, 2018;Luszczynska et al, 2009;Ong et al, 2018;Paunovic, 1998;Schubert, Schmidt, & Rosner, 2015;Shand, Cowlishaw, Brooker, Burney, & Ricciardelli, 2014;Simmen-Janevska, Brandstätter, & Maercker, 2012), resulting in a total of 4,570 potential sources (See Figure 1). Database searches were conducted by entering the following search parameters in the Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress (PILOTS) database, PsycINFO, PubMed, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases through July, 2018.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hope, optimism, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies

2019

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Objective The present meta‐analysis consolidated research examining how positive expectancies (e.g., hope, self‐efficacy, and optimism) may protect against the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method Articles were identified by searching PILOTS, PsycINFO, PubMed, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases. Results Aggregated results from 154 studies indicated that positive expectancies were associated with lower levels of PTSD symptoms. This relationship was stronger for coping‐specific self‐efficacy (k = 38, r = −.49; −.54 to −.43) and hope (k = 20, r = −.34; −.39 to −.28) compared with general self‐efficacy (k = 45, r = −.25; −.30 to −.20) and optimism (k = 59, r = −.29; −.33 to −.25) when examining cross‐sectional studies, and results were consistent in prospective studies. Age and gender did not moderate the cross‐sectional relationships. Conclusions These findings indicate that positive expectancies predict post‐trauma resilience. Future research should identify moderators and examine positive expectancies as mechanisms of change in therapy.

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Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hope, optimism, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies

2019

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“…Despite the fact that theoretically trauma and post-traumatic growth remain strongly related, the empirical verification of such association still remains unclear. Some authors discovered negative relationships between these two constructs [ 34 ] whereas others found positive associations [ 35 ] or non-linear association (quadratic relationship) [ 36 , 37 ]. Recently, it was found that the relationship between PTSD symptoms and PTGI may differ in order of the severity of the traumatic experience or the category of traumatic event (bereavement, physical assault, and rape) [ 38 ] or time after trauma experience with increased PTG during the first 18 months and stable level after this time [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking about My Existence during COVID-19, I Feel Anxiety and Awe—The Mediating Role of Existential Anxiety and Life Satisfaction on the Relationship between PTSD Symptoms and Post-Traumatic Growth

Tomaszek

Muchacka-Cymerman

2020

IJERPH

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Background: The global outbreak of COVID-19set new challenges and threats for every human being. In the psychological field it is similar to deep existential crises or a traumatic experience that may lead to the appearance or exacerbation of a serious mental disorder and loss of life meaning and satisfaction. Courtney et al. (2020) discussed deadly pandemic COVID-19 in the light of TMT theory and named it as global contagion of mortality that personally affected every human being. Such unique conditions activate existential fears as people start to be aware of their own mortality. Objective: The main aim of this study was to test the mediating effect of existential anxiety, activated by COVID-19 and life satisfaction (SWLS) on the relationship between PTSD symptoms and post-traumatic growth (PTG). We also examined the moderated mediating effect of severity of trauma symptoms on life satisfaction and existential anxiety and its associations with PTG. Method: We conducted an online survey during the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in Poland. The participants completed existential anxiety scale (SNE), life satisfaction scale (SWLS), IES-R scale for measuring the level of PTSD symptoms and post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI). Results: The effect of PTSD on PTG was found to be mediated by existential anxiety and life satisfaction. We also confirmed two indirect effects: (1) the indirect effect of PTSD on PTG via existential anxiety and life satisfaction tested simultaneously; (2) the indirect effect of life satisfaction on PTG through severity of trauma symptoms. An intermediate or high level of PTSD level was related to less PTG when low and full PTSD stress symptoms strengthened PTG experiences. Conclusions: A therapeutic intervention for individuals after traumatic experience should attempt to include fundamental existential questions and meaning of life as well as the severity of PTSD symptoms. The severity of traumatic sensations may affect the relationship between life satisfaction and post-traumatic growth.

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“…Positive associations between PTSD symptoms and PTG have been reported. One study indicated that trauma survivors with PTSD show more PTG than those without PTSD (Schubert, Schmidt, & Rosner, 2016). Researchers have also reported that PTSS positively predicts PTG (Strasshofer, Peterson, Beagley, & Galovski, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience as a mediator in the relationship between posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth among adult accident or crime victims: the moderated mediating effect of childhood trauma

Lee

Kim³

2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Results on the association between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) are inconsistent, and there may be unknown factors mediating or moderating this relationship. Identifying these factors could help in developing an intervention strategy for promoting PTG. However, few studies have examined relationships among PTSS, resilience, and PTG concurrently, and no study has investigated the effect of childhood trauma on these relationships in adulthood. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the moderated mediating effect of childhood trauma on resilience and its associations with PTSS and PTG in adult victims of traumatic accidents or crimes. We hypothesized that resilience would mediate relationships between PTSS and PTG and that its mediating effects would differ depending on childhood trauma. Methods: We included adult victims of accidents or crimes referred to a university hospital or specialized support centre (n = 143). PTSS, resilience, childhood trauma, and PTG were measured with the following questionnaires: PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, and the Short Form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, respectively. Results: The effect of PTSS on PTG was found to be fully mediated by resilience, and this mediating effect was moderated according to childhood trauma: the more childhood traumatic experiences, the greater the mediating effect of resilience was between PTSS and PTG. The effect of resilience on PTG was highest in the high childhood trauma group. Conclusion: Therapists treating individuals with psychological trauma should attempt to identify a history of childhood trauma and to evaluate resilience. Therapeutic approaches tailored according thereto may improve PTG among individuals with PTSS symptoms, especially those with high levels of childhood trauma.

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Posttraumatic Growth in Populations with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder—A Systematic Review on Growth‐Related Psychological Constructs and Biological Variables

Cited by 103 publications

References 91 publications

Hope, optimism, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies

Hope, optimism, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies

Thinking about My Existence during COVID-19, I Feel Anxiety and Awe—The Mediating Role of Existential Anxiety and Life Satisfaction on the Relationship between PTSD Symptoms and Post-Traumatic Growth

Resilience as a mediator in the relationship between posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth among adult accident or crime victims: the moderated mediating effect of childhood trauma

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