Hope, optimism, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies

Gallagher, Matthew W.; Long, Laura J.; Phillips, Colleen A.

doi:10.1002/jclp.22882

Cited by 149 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…), we found that self‐efficacy routinely displayed a statistically significantly stronger association with other measures of goal‐related cognition and with symptoms of psychopathology compared to hope and grit. The relative strength of associations between self‐efficacy and these variables in our study aligns with prior findings documenting statistically significant inverse relations between self‐efficacy and symptoms (Gallagher et al, 2020; Maddux & Kleiman, 2016; Muris, 2002; Volz et al, 2019) and self‐efficacy and success across a wide variety of life domains (Bandura & Locke, 2003). Our study extends these results by comparing the strength of the relations with self‐efficacy to two related but distinct constructs, namely grit and hope.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Hope attenuates the negative impact of general psychological distress on goal progress

2020

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Objective: Symptoms of general psychological distress disrupt goal pursuit; however, not everyone is equally impacted by distress when pursuing goals. We tested whether hope, self-efficacy, and/or grit buffered the impact of symptoms of general psychological distress on longitudinal goal progress.Method: Undergraduate students reported on these constructs and, 2 months later, their progress toward five personal goals (N = 117).Results: Although greater levels of baseline psychological distress predicted less goal progress, the impact of psychological distress on goal progress was moderated by hope, β = .20, SE = 0.07, p < .01. More specifically, at higher hope, participants reported similar goal progress regardless of baseline distress symptoms, while at lower hope, baseline distress was negatively associated with goal progress. Conclusion:Hope may function as a buffer against the association between general psychological distress and impaired goal progress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Hope attenuates the negative impact of general psychological distress on goal progress

2020

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“…Belief in the ability to cope (such as reminding yourself of your capacity for resilience) and youth’s beliefs in their own capacity to cope in a healthy way were weakly correlated with PTSD symptoms [ 12 ]. Scholars have consistently found that coping self-efficacy is associated with lower rates of PTSD in trauma-affected children and adolescents [ 77 , 78 ]. Unfortunately, few studies in the reviewed articles incorporated measures of coping self-efficacy, and those that did, did not include additional measures examining coping styles or strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping and Post-Traumatic Stress in Children and Adolescents after an Acute Onset Disaster: A Systematic Review

Powell

Wegmann

Backode

2021

IJERPH

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Acute onset disasters impact children’s and adolescents’ psychological well-being, often leading to mental health challenges. The way a young person copes with the event plays a significant role in development of post-disaster psychopathology. Coping has been widely studied after acute onset disasters, however, difficulties conducting research in post-disaster contexts and the individualized nature of coping make accurate assessment of coping a significant challenge. A systematic literature search of multiple databases and previous reviews was conducted, exploring scholarly documentation of coping measurement and the relationship between coping and post-traumatic stress (PTSS) symptoms after acute onset disasters. A total of 384 peer-reviewed manuscripts were identified, and 18 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the current review. The studies examined coping and post-traumatic stress in the wake of acute onset disasters such as terrorist events and natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and wildfires. Greater PTSS symptoms were related to internalizing, externalizing, rumination, and avoidant coping strategies. Coping measurement was constrained due to measurement variance, lack of developmentally and contextually vali-dated instruments, theoretical misalignment, and absence of comprehensive tools to assess coping. Robust and consistent measures of coping should be established to inform research and interventions to reduce the impact of disasters on children’s and adolescents’ well-being.

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“…Therefore, we may think of hope as a potentially relevant resiliency factor in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic as it may facilitate continued goal pursuit despite difficult circumstances. Indeed, extant research has demonstrated negative relations between hope and anxiety across samples (e.g., Arnau et al, 2007;Gana et al, 2013), including prospective effects on symptoms of PTSD in meta-analytic reviews (Gallagher, Long, & Phillips, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the longitudinal effects and potential mechanisms of hope on COVID-19 stress, anxiety, and well-being

Gallagher

Smith

Richardson

et al. 2021

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

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Hope is a cognitive trait that predicts both resilience to and recovery from anxiety and stress-related disorders. The present study examines the prospective associations of hope with subsequent anxiety, stress, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived emotional control, a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor, was also examined as a potential mediator of these relationships. American adults (N = 822) were recruited during the COVID-19 pandemic using Amazon mTURK and structural equation modeling was used to examine how trait hope predicted outcomes approximately one month later. Higher hope was associated with greater well-being and perceived emotional control, as well as lower levels of anxiety and COVID-19 perceived stress. Results also indicated an indirect effect of hope with all outcomes via perceived emotional control. These findings suggest that hope may associated with resilience to the chronic stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Hope, optimism, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies

Cited by 149 publications

References 223 publications

Hope attenuates the negative impact of general psychological distress on goal progress

Hope attenuates the negative impact of general psychological distress on goal progress

Coping and Post-Traumatic Stress in Children and Adolescents after an Acute Onset Disaster: A Systematic Review

Examining the longitudinal effects and potential mechanisms of hope on COVID-19 stress, anxiety, and well-being

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