Posttranslationally modified tubulins and microtubule organization in hemocytes of the brine shrimp,Artemia franciscana

Day, Rossalyn; Criel, Godelieve; Walling, Marvlyn A.; MacRae, Thomas H.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(200006)244:3<153::aid-jmor1>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Hemocytes in Artemia show similarities to amebocytes in primitive chelicerates, such as Limulus polyphemus and Tachypleus spp., except for the expression of proPO in Artemia hemocytes (Martin et al, 1999). Detailed studies of the cytoskeletons of Artemia hemocytes have also been reported, and these hemocytes have been implicated in phagocytosis in these animals (Day et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustacean hematopoiesis

Söderhäll

2016

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

166

138

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Crustacean hemocytes are important mediators of immune reactions, and the regulation of hemocyte homeostasis is of utmost importance for the health of these animals. This review discusses the current knowledge on the lineages, synthesis and differentiation of hemocytes in crustaceans. Hematopoietic tissues, their origins, and the regulation of hematopoiesis during molting, seasonal variation and infection are discussed. Furthermore, studies concerning the molecular regulation of hemocyte formation in crustaceans are also described, and the different lineages and their molecular markers are discussed and compared with several insect species. Signaling pathways and the regulation of hematopoiesis by transcription factors are typically conserved among these arthropods, whereas cytokines and growth factors are more variable and species specific. However, considering the great diversity among the crustaceans, one should be cautious in drawing general conclusions from studies of only a few species.2

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustacean hematopoiesis

Söderhäll

2016

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

166

138

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“…Tubulin detyrosination and the C-terminal tyrosine of ␣-tubulin appear to lack essential functions in Tetrahymena (Duan and Gorovsky, 2002), an observation reflected by the absence of detyrosinated ␣-tubulin in Artemia embryos (Xiang and MacRae, 1995), but running counter to the proposed role of detyrosinated tubulin in myogenesis (Chang et al, 2002). Prior to this report, tubulin isoforms in adult Artemia were examined only for hemocytes (Day et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial organization and isotubulin composition of microtubules in epidermal tendon cells ofArtemia franciscana

2004

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Epidermally derived tendon cells attach the exoskeleton (cuticle) of the Branchiopod crustacean, Artemia franciscana, to underlying muscle in the hindgut, while the structurally similar transalar tendon (epithelial) cells, which also arise from the epidermis and are polarized, connect dorsal and ventral exopodite surfaces. To establish these latter attachments the transalar tendon cells interact with cuticles on opposite sides of the exopodite by way of their apical surfaces and with one another via basal regions, or the cuticle attachments may be mediated through linkages with phagocytic storage cells found in the hemolymph. In some cases, phyllopod tendon cells attach directly to muscle cells. Tendon cells in the hindgut of Artemia possess microtubule bundles, as do the transalar cells, and they extend from the basal myotendinal junction to the apical domain located near the cuticle. The bundled microtubules intermingle with thin filaments reminiscent of microfilaments, but intermediate filament-like structures are absent. Microtubule bundles converging at apical cell surfaces contact structures termed apical invaginations, composed of cytoplasmic membrane infoldings associated with electron-dense material. Intracuticular rods protrude from apical invaginations, either into the cuticle during intermolt or the molting fluid in premolt. Confocal microscopy of immunofluorescently stained samples revealed tyrosinated, detyrosinated, and acetylated tubulins, the first time posttranslationally modified isoforms of this protein have been demonstrated in crustacean tendon cells. Microfilaments, as shown by staining with phalloidin, coincided spatially with microtubule bundles. Artemia tendon cells clearly represent an interesting system for study of cytoskeleton organization within the context of cytoplasmic polarity and the results in this article indicate functional cooperation of microtubules and microfilaments. These cytoskeletal elements, either acting independently or in concert, may transmit tension from muscle to cuticle in the hindgut and resist compression when connecting exopodite cuticular surfaces.

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“…How old is the tyrosinolation/detyrosinolation cycle? It has been observed among animals, plants, and protists but not among the fungi (6,19,20,29,30). One would expect that for an α-tubulin to participate in this cycle, its C-terminus should end with either EY or E. That is the case for most of the animal, plant, and protist α-tubulins.…”

Section: Evolution Of the Post-translational Modifications Of Tubulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps tyrosinolation makes the microtubule more flexible in this region. The tyrosinolation/detyrosinolation cycle has been seen not only in mammals, but also in a variety of invertebrates, plants, and protists (19,20,29,30) (Table 1). In corn, tyrosinolation/detyrosinolation is highly tissue-specific.…”

Section: Tyrosinolation/detyrosinolation (α)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The monoclonal antibody specific for this modification has been widely used for studying the distribution of acetylated tubulin in various cells and tissues (49). Tubulin acetylation has been observed in both vertebrates and invertebrates and in plants and protists as well (29,31,(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60) (see Table 9 in Chapter 6). Acetylation of tubulin even occurs in the primitive protist Giardia (61).…”

Section: Acetylation (α)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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