Postprandial Plasma Ghrelin Is Suppressed Proportional to Meal Calorie Content in Normal-Weight But Not Obese Subjects

Roux, Carel W. le; Patterson, Michael; Vincent, Royce P.; Hunt, C; Ghatei, Mohammed A.; Bloom, Stephen R.

doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1216

Cited by 243 publications

(190 citation statements)

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“…It has also been shown that the postprandial decline in ghrelin levels is less pronounced in obese compared to lean subjects (le Roux et al, 2005), and insulin resistance measured by euglycaemic hyperinsulinemic clamp was described inversely related to the insulininduced decrease in total serum ghrelin levels (Lucidi et al, 2002). This might explain the reduced decrease in postprandial total ghrelin response in insulin-resistant subjects as observed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Administration of acylated ghrelin to humans increased glucose levels and inhibited insulin secretion, whereas desacyl ghrelin antagonized these effects (Broglio et al, 2004). Postprandial ghrelin responses in humans might be proportional to caloric content and dependent on macronutrient intake (Callahan et al, 2004;le Roux et al, 2005). Little is known about the effects of dietary fibre intake on ghrelin secretion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arabinoxylan consumption decreases postprandial serum glucose, serum insulin and plasma total ghrelin response in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Otto²,

et al. 2006

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Objective: Arabinoxylan (AX) consumption is associated with metabolic improvement during diabetes and with modulation of ghrelin, an orexigenic gut hormone. The effect of AX consumption on ghrelin secretion in disturbed metabolic states is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the postprandial responses to AX consumption of serum glucose, insulin and triglycerides and plasma total and acylated ghrelin in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Design: Randomized, single-blind, controlled, crossover intervention trial. Subjects: Seven female and four male adults with IGT, aged 55.5 years, and body mass index (BMI) 30.1 kg/m 2 . Intervention: Subjects received either placebo or 15 g AX supplement for 6 weeks with a 6-week washout period in-between. Main outcome measurements: Postprandial responses of serum glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and plasma total and acylated ghrelin after a liquid meal challenge test (LMCT) measured at the beginning and at the end of the dietary intervention at À20, À5, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 min. Results: After LMCT, AX consumption resulted in lower postprandial responses in serum glucose, insulin and triglycerides (Po0.05). Compared to placebo, total plasma ghrelin was also reduced by 4278 pg/ml (Po0.001) after AX consumption with no difference in plasma acylated ghrelin. Conclusion: AX consumption improved postprandial metabolic responses after an LMCT in subjects with IGT and reduced total ghrelin response. However, acylated ghrelin responses were unchanged, suggesting that the acylated ghrelin-mediated orexigenic regulation is not improved as only total plasma ghrelin decreased. Sponsorship: Federal Ministry of Education and Research Germany (PTJ-BIO/0313042C).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabinoxylan consumption decreases postprandial serum glucose, serum insulin and plasma total ghrelin response in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Otto²,

et al. 2006

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“…Therefore, reduced levels of ghrelin activity in obese individuals, as compared with non-obese controls, should provide greater protection from further weight gain. However, obese individuals display smaller post-prandial reductions in serum ghrelin levels, perhaps leading to a reduced feeling of satiety (Goldstone et al, 2005;le Roux et al, 2005). In an earlier study, food intake failed to suppress ghrelin levels in obese humans (English et al, 2002).…”

Section: Ghrelin and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 95%

Ghrelin in obesity and endocrine diseases

Scerif

Goldstone

Korbonits

2011

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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“…Briefly the ghrelin radioimmunoassay was carried out as previously described. 17,18 The assay cross-reacted fully (100 %) with both acylated and des-acylated ghrelin associated with increases in plasma concentrations of 3 hormones involved in the appetite regulation. Specifically OSA patients have been reported to display elevated ghrelin, [11][12][13] leptin, 11 and neuropeptide Y (NPY).…”

Section: S C I E N T I F I C I N V E S T I G a T I O N Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Association Between Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Appetite Regulating Hormones in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Patterson¹,

Twigg²,

Vazir³

et al. 2011

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Study Objectives: Understanding the etiologic mechanisms underlying impaired glucose tolerance in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) would assist development of therapies against this comorbidity. We hypothesized that in patients with OSA impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) would be associated with elevated levels of hormones associated with appetite regulation (leptin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y [NPY] and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine [PYY]). Method: We studied 68 OSA patients (mean AHI 22 events/h) and 37 age and weight matched healthy controls recruited by advertisement. All participants received a standardized evening meal, attended polysomnography and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on waking. Hormones were measured in blood taken before sleep (22:30) and at the start of the OGTT. Results: Impaired glucose tolerance was present in 54% of patients and 32% of controls (p = 0.05). The only differences between groups was that leptin was signifi cantly higher at 22:30 in OSA patients compared to controls (9.6 ng/L vs 7.9 ng/L, p = 0.05). OSA patients had marginally elevated plasma NPY levels at 22:30 (56.6 [52, 67] S C I E N T I F I C I N v E S T I G A T I O N SU ntreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with insulin resistance, 1,2 and some studies suggest that treatment with CPAP improves glucose control, 3,4 although this was not found in a randomized controlled trial of diabetics with sleep apnea. 5 The observation that established type 2 diabetics cannot improve glucose control when their OSA is treated with CPAP, emphasizes the importance of understanding the pathophysiology of insulin resistance associated with OSA.One mechanism linking OSA with impaired glucose tolerance could be sympathetic nerve activity which is a recognized phenomenon in OSA 6 ; indeed it has previously been hypothesized that this process is responsible for the elevated leptin levels seen in newly diagnosed OSA patients. 7 Consistent with this sibutramine, a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, was able to improve insulin resistance in OSA independent of visceral fat. 8 Moreover two studies raise the hypothesis that hormones involved in appetite regulation could contribute to impaired glucose tolerance. Broglio et al. 9 demonstrated that ghrelin administered to healthy subjects simultaneously with glucose, resulted in a transient decrease of insulin concentration that was coupled with signifi cant increase in glucose levels. In addition it has been reported that IR is associated with increased plasma leptin concentration independent of the body fat. 10 Consistent with this hypothesis, previous studies have reported that OSA is independently associated with neuroendocrine dysregulation; in fact OSA has been reported to be bRIEF SUMMARY Current knowledge/Study Rationale: Impaired glucose tolerance is a common and important co-morbidity of obstructive sleep apnea yet its pathogenesis, beyond the shared etiology of obesity is unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that OSA might induce increases of appetite regulating h...

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Postprandial Plasma Ghrelin Is Suppressed Proportional to Meal Calorie Content in Normal-Weight But Not Obese Subjects

Cited by 243 publications

References 24 publications

Arabinoxylan consumption decreases postprandial serum glucose, serum insulin and plasma total ghrelin response in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Arabinoxylan consumption decreases postprandial serum glucose, serum insulin and plasma total ghrelin response in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Ghrelin in obesity and endocrine diseases

Lack of Association Between Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Appetite Regulating Hormones in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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