Postprandial antioxidant effect of the Mediterranean diet supplemented with coenzyme Q10 in elderly men and women

Abstract

Postprandial oxidative stress is characterized by an increased susceptibility of the organism towards oxidative damage after consumption of a meal rich in lipids and/or carbohydrates. We have investigated whether the quality of dietary fat alters postprandial cellular oxidative stress and whether the supplementation with coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ) lowers postprandial oxidative stress in an elderly population. In this randomized crossover study, 20 participants were assigned to receive three isocaloric diets for periods of 4 week each: (1) Mediterranean diet supplemented with CoQ (Med+CoQ diet), (2) Mediterranean diet (Med diet), and (3) saturated fatty acid-rich diet (SFA diet). After a 12-h fast, the volunteers consumed a breakfast with a fat composition similar to that consumed in each of the diets. CoQ, lipid peroxides (LPO), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), protein carbonyl (PC), total nitrite, nitrotyrosine plasma levels, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and ischemic reactive hyperaemia (IRH) were determined. Med diet produced a lower postprandial GPx activity and a lower decrease in total nitrite level compared to the SFA diet. Med and Med+CoQ diets induced a higher postprandial increase in IRH and a lower postprandial LPO, oxLDL, and nitrotyrosine plasma levels than the SFA diet. Moreover, the Med+CoQ diet produced a lower postprandial decrease in total nitrite and a greater decrease in PC levels compared to the other two diets and lower SOD, CAT, and GPx activities than the SFA diet.In conclusion, Med diet reduces postprandial oxidative stress by reducing processes of cellular oxidation and increases the action of the antioxidant system in elderly persons and the administration of CoQ further improves this redox balance.

Postprandial antioxidant gene expression is modified by Mediterranean diet supplemented with coenzyme Q10 in elderly men and women

“…In the same population of this study, we previously demonstrated that the Med diet improves the postprandial oxidative stress with a higher increase in capillary flow and plasma nitric oxide levels, a lower plasma lipid peroxidation products, nitrotyrosine and protein carbonyl levels, lower plasma antioxidant enzyme activities (GPx, catalase (CAT) and SOD), (Yubero-Serrano et al 2010) and lower DNA damage in PBMCs (Gutierrez-Mariscal et al 2011). Addition of exogenous CoQ in synergy with a Med diet had an additive effect reducing the postprandial oxidative stress in elderly men and women.…”

“…In line with this notion, oxidative stress has received considerable attention over the past several years in the fasting state; however, there is a paucity of data on postprandial oxidative stress. With regard to the postprandial state, we have recently demonstrated the antioxidant effect of Med diet rich in olive oil and that exogenous coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ: 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methy-6-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone) supplementation in synergy with a Med diet (Med+CoQ diet) improves the postprandial oxidative stress in elderly men and women, with a higher increase in capillary flow, a lower plasma biomarker of oxidative stress levels and a greater postprandial decrease in plasma antioxidant enzymatic activities with respect to a Western diet rich in saturated fatty acid (SFA diet;Yubero-Serrano et al 2010).…”

Mediterranean diet supplemented with coenzyme Q10 induces postprandial changes in p53 in response to oxidative DNA damage in elderly subjects

“…In the same population of this study, we previously demonstrated the effect of Med+CoQ diet improves the postprandial oxidative stress (Yubero-Serrano et al 2010). However, few studies explored the effects that diet has on DNA damage during the postprandial state, or the effect of CoQ supplements in humans.…”

Postprandial oxidative stress is modulated by dietary fat in adipose tissue from elderly people

“…In fact, these studies have shown the existence of the relationship between dietary fat intake, aging, and oxidative stress (Sun et al 2012;Yubero-Serrano et al 2011;Ochoa et al 2003). Additionally, it has been demonstrated in animal models that the use of antioxidants as dietary supplements increases their lifespan (Wang et al 2013).…”