Postpartum depression and child development in first year of life

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of infant development at four, eight and twelve months of age, as result of postpartum depression. The prevalence of Postpartum Depression - measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale - at four months after delivery was 30.3%; at eight months, 26.4%; and at 12 months, 25.0%. Chi-square tests were used to compare children of mothers with and without Postpartum Depression in relation to developmental milestones. It was found developmental delay in infants of mothers with Postpartum Depression in: two interactional indicators at four months, two motor indicators at eight months and one gross motor indicator at twelve months. However, children of mothers with Postpartum Depression showed better results in one fine motor and in two language items at 12 months. The results point to the necessity of considering external and internal factors of mother and infant in the study of the effects of maternal depression on child development.

Postpartum Depression, Child Caring Behavior of Mothers and Developmental Milestones of Their Children: A Correlational Mother-Child Dyad Study

“…Our results are not consistent with the view of Ip et al [27] who believed that PPD can lead to not initiating or early cessation of breast feeding [27], but the adaptability, the sensitivity, the mother's ability to cope with stressful facts and to buffer the depression effects on the relationship with the baby and breastfeeding behavior of mother [28]. Although not studied in our study, the correlation which observed between maternal depression score and mother's health related behaviors and delay in delivering on time routine child care in our study can demonstrate the role of a latent factor-impairment of bonding with the newborn-which may lead to impairment of maternal capacity of caring in the postpartum period [29,30].…”

Depressão Pós-Parto Materna: Crenças, Práticas de Cuidado e Estimulação de Bebês no Primeiro Ano de Vida

“…Uma análise dos estudos sobre a depressão pós-parto (DPP) mostra que há pouco consenso em relação aos dados sobre sua incidência (Santos, Silveira, & Gualda, 2009;Cantilino et al, 2010;. No Brasil, podemos encontrar algumas variações, Cantilino et al (2010), em um artigo de revisão encontrou dez estudos da última década que estimaram a prevalência da DPP no Brasil, as taxas encontradas nos estudos variaram de 7,2% em Recife/PE a 43% no Rio de Janeiro/RJ e uma pesquisa mais recente feita em São Paulo/SP obteve uma incidência de 30,3% (Morais, Lucci, & Otta, 2013). É importante ressaltar que os índices devem ser considerados levando em conta os dados culturais, étnicos e socioeconômicos de uma população, além dos fatores de risco e proteção existentes e não só grau de desenvolvimento de um país.…”

Depressão materna e concentração de cortisol de recém-nascidos em uma amostra brasileira

“…Framing our data in the context of the larger longitudinal study is not only important as leads to very interesting considerations: actually, regarding children's development, our results do not support the hypothesis of highly deleterious effects of PPD. It was found, for example, that while some developmental delay in infants of mothers with Postpartum Depression was detected at four, eight and twelve months of age, these children showed better results in fine motricity and language at 12 months (Morais, Lucci, & Otta, 2013). We found also that depressive symptoms do not impair mother-infant interaction (Fonseca, Silva, & Otta, 2010) and that fathers reported being more involved with their three-year-old child when mothers had PPD (Mendonça, Bussab, Lucci, & Kärtner, 2015).…”

“…Psico (Porto Alegre), 2016; 47(2), [140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147] Epidemiologic studies have shown that after delivery one in five women will experience a relatively disabling and persistent form of mood disturbance known as postpartum depression (PPD) (O'hara & McCabe, 2013) characterized by emotional liability, lack of interest on daily activities, anxiety, feelings of incapacity, among other symptoms, that occur few weeks after delivery although studies have shown that depressive symptoms can be detected antenatally (Nierop, Bratsikas, Zimmermann, & Ehlert, 2006;Verreault et al, 2014). PPD has been associated with disrupted mother-infant interaction and the risk of child developmental and behavioral problems (Brennan et al, 2008;Essex, Klein, Cho, & Kalin, 2002;Herrera, Reissland, & Shepherd, 2004;Pearlstein, Howard, Salisbury, & Zlotnick, 2009;Morais, Lucci, & Otta, 2013). A significant relationship between mother PPD with higher cortisol levels in infants, children and adolescents has also been shown, (Brennan et al, 2008, Luecken et al, 2013, possibly due to unpredictable and stressful maternal caregiving.…”