Postoperative nausea and vomiting in paediatric patients

Rose, Jason J.; Watcha, Mehernoor F.

doi:10.1093/bja/83.1.104

Cited by 191 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 137 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

126

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Um den Einfluss des Alters zu beschreiben, ist die Unterscheidung zwischen Kindern und Erwachsenen sinnvoll.So tritt Erbrechen bei Säuglingen mit ca.5% relativ selten auf und auch bei Kleinkindern unter 3 Jahren noch deutlich seltener als bei älteren Kindern [45],bei denen die Erbrechensinzidenzen um die 50% liegen [54].Dabei muss erwähnt werden, dass diese Zahlen nur Erbrechen ohne Berücksichtigung von Übelkeit beschreiben, und die Inzidenzen von PONV ca. um den Faktor 1,3-1,5 höher liegen.…”

Section: Patientenspezifische Risikofaktorenunclassified

Postoperative �belkeit und Erbrechen

Roewer

2004

Anaesthesist

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerous pathophysiological mechanisms are known to cause nausea or vomiting but their role for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is not quite clear. Volatile anesthetics, nitrous oxide and opioids appear to be the most important causes for PONV. Female gender, non-smoking and a history of motion sickness and PONV are the most important patient specific risk factors. With these risk factors an objective risks assessment is achievable as a good rational basis for a risk dependent antiemetic approach: When the risk is low, moderate, or high, the use of none, a single or a combination of prophylactic antiemetic interventions seems to be justified. Performing a total intravenous anesthesia (Ti.v.A) with propofol is a reasonable prophylactic approach, but does not solve the problem satisfactorily alone if the risk is very high, reducing the risk of PONV only by 30%. This is comparable to the reduction rate of antiemetics, such as serotonin antagonist, dexamethasone and droperidol. It must be stressed that metoclopramide is ineffective. Data from IMPACT indicate that prophylaxis is not very effective if the patients risk is low. At a moderate risk the use of Ti.v.A or an antiemetic is reasonable and only a (very) high risk justifies the combination of several prophylactic antiemetic interventions. For the treatment of PONV an antiemetic should be chosen which has not been used prophylactically. The necessary doses are usually a quarter of those needed for prophylaxis.

show abstract

Section: Patientenspezifische Risikofaktorenunclassified

Postoperative �belkeit und Erbrechen

Roewer

2004

Anaesthesist

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Postoperative vomiting occurs in 13 to 42% of all pediatric surgical patients. 25 A peak incidence of 34 to 51% occurs in the six to 16 yr age group. 26 Prior to puberty, gender differences for postoperative vomiting have not been identified.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based management of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a review

Habib

Gan

2004

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

196

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

P Pu ur rp po os se e: : To provide evidence-based guidelines for the prophylaxis and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).S So ou ur rc ce e: : Literature from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, logistic regression analyses and expert opinion in the management of PONV.P Pr ri in nc ci ip pa al l f fi in nd di in ng gs s: : The etiology of PONV is multifactorial. Patient, anesthesia, and surgery related risk factors have been identified. Universal PONV prophylaxis is not cost-effective. Identification of patients at high-risk of PONV allows targeting prophylaxis to those who will benefit most from it. No prophylaxis is needed for patients at low risk for PONV. For patients at moderate risk for PONV, prophylaxis using a single antiemetic or a combination of two agents should be considered. Double and triple antiemetic combinations should be considered for patients at high risk for PONV. Furthermore, a multimodal approach should be adopted incorporating steps to keep the baseline risk of PONV low. The optimum cost-effective approach to the management of PONV will differ between an ambulatory centre and an inpatient hospital setting. For the treatment of established PONV in patients who failed prophylaxis, patients should not receive a repeat dose of the prophylactic antiemetic. Rather, a drug acting at a different receptor should be used. Beyond six hours after surgery, patients can be treated with any of the agents used for prophylaxis, except dexamethasone and transdermal scopolamine.C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : PONV are common after anesthesia and surgery. We provided evidence-based guidelines for the management of this problem based on the available literature. Objectif : Énoncer des lignes de conduite fondées sur des données probantes pour la prévention et le traitement des nausées et des vomissements postopératoires (NVPO). Source : Les publications d'essais contrôlés et randomisés, les études méthodiques, les analyses de régression logistique et l'opinion d'experts sur le traitement des NVPO. Constatations principales : L'origine des NVPO est multifactorielle. Les facteurs de risque reliés au patient, à l'anesthésie et au type de chirurgie sont connus. La prévention universelle des NVPO n'est pas rentable. L'identification des patients à haut risque de NVPO permet

show abstract

“…Rose et al reported that in pediatric anesthesia, the coadministration of atropine and neostigmine decreased vomiting shortly after surgery. However, if the patients were followed for a longer period, neostigmine caused more vomiting (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Postoperative Vomiting and Laryngospasm in Pediatric Anesthesia Using Two Methods: Controlled Ventilation and Spontaneous Respiration

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Laryngospasm and postoperative vomiting are serious complications after surgery involving pediatric anesthesia, and these complications may cause morbidity. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the incidences of laryngospasm and vomiting between two groups of children treated with anesthesia. The patients were managed by either controlled ventilation or spontaneous respiration. Patients and Methods: This prospective clinical study was conducted with 200 children who had underwent elective infraumbilical surgery. The patients were divided to two groups of one-hundred cases, including the control ventilation (CV) and spontaneous respiration (SR) groups. Anesthesia induction and maintenance were the same in all patients. However, in the CV group, atracurium was used as a muscle relaxant to facilitate intubation and surgery. Results: The incidences of postoperative vomiting, laryngospasm, and excessive secretions were significantly higher in the CV group than the SR group (P = 0.001, 0.02 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the incidences of postoperative vomiting and laryngospasm are significantly higher in patients receiving anesthesia with muscle relaxants and controlled ventilation.

show abstract

Postoperative nausea and vomiting in paediatric patients

Cited by 191 publications

References 137 publications

Postoperative �belkeit und Erbrechen

Postoperative �belkeit und Erbrechen

Evidence-based management of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a review

Incidence of Postoperative Vomiting and Laryngospasm in Pediatric Anesthesia Using Two Methods: Controlled Ventilation and Spontaneous Respiration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About