Postoperative bacteremia in periodontal flap surgery, with and without prophylactic antibiotic administration: A comparative study

Abstract

Objectives:Many a times in clinical periodontology, the decision whether to prescribe prophylactic antibiotics or not, is perplexing.The present study was conducted to compare the bacteremias induced after periodontal flap surgeries with and without prophylactic antibiotics.Materials and Methods:The occurrence of postoperative bacteremia following periodontal flap surgery was studied in 30 patients. On these patients, 30 quadrant wise flap surgeries were carried out without any preoperative prophylactic antibiotics and 30 surgeries carried out after prophylactic administration of amoxycillin preoperatively. A blood sample was taken from each patient at the time of maximum surgical trauma and was cultured for micro-organisms and antibiotic sensitivity.Results:18 out of 60 blood samples were positive for micro-organisms. There was a significant reduction in post operative bacteremia after amoxycillin prophylaxis (x2 - 7.96 with P<0.01) as post operative bacteremia was found in 14 of the non medicated patients as compared to only 4 of the pre medicated patients. The micro-organisms encountered in the study are as follows:- 1) Staphylococcus albus coagulase negative, 2) Klebsiella, 3) Psedomonas aerugenosa, 4) Streptococcus viridans, 5) Alpha hemolytic streptococcus, 6) Neisseria catarrhalisConclusion:On the basis of the study, it is concluded that the incidence of postoperative bacteremia following periodontal flap surgery is not as high as previously reported. The clinical results show that Amoxicillin is highly effective in reducing postoperative bacteremia in periodontal flap surgery and thus in preventing the possible sequelae (Infective Endocarditis and other systemic maladies) in susceptible patients. However, cefotaxime and cephalexin may prove to be more effective in preventing the same.

Effect of surgical and non-surgical periodontal debridement on vascular thrombotic markers in hypertensives

“…[345] Periodontal debridement itself has been assumed to induce additional transient bacteraemia through the concomittant traumatic procedures. [678] The aim of this study was to assess changes in blood levels of several vascular thrombotic markers; platelets count, Fib, vWF:Ag and the DD, accompanying surgical and non-surgical periodontal debridement in hypertensive patients with periodontitis.…”

(Infective endocarditis of bicuspid aortic valve complicated by an abscess in in aortomitral continuity and intracardiac fistula)

“…Autoři argumentují tím, že jednak časté podávání ATB přispívá k nárůstu mikrobiální rezistence a dále zdůrazňují fakt, že přechodná bakteriemie vzniká dokonce při běžných denních aktivitách (žvýkání jídla, čištění zubů a mezizubních prostor), nejen při stomatologickém výkonu. 17,18 Z výše jmenovaného vyplývá zásadní doporučení pro všechny pacienty: kvalitní dentální hygiena, pravidelné kontroly stomatologem a včasná sanace infekčních fokusů. Tyto "jednoduché" postupy tak mohou snížit výskyt infekční endokarditidy u pacientů s bikuspidální aortální chlopní.…”

Bacteraemia – A Transient Blood Invasion after Periodontal Procedures

“…The clinical results show that amoxicillin is highly effective in red ucing postoperative bacteremia in periodontal flap surgery and thus in preventing the possible sequelae (IE and other systemic maladies) in susceptible patients. 6 …”