Postnatal polyunsaturated fatty acids associated with larger preterm brain tissue volumes and better outcomes

Kamino, Daphne; Studholme, Colin; Liu, Mengyuan; Chau, Vann; Miller, Steven P.; Synnes, Anne; Rogers, Elizabeth E.; Barkovich, A. James; Ferriero, Donna M.; Brant, Rollin; Tam, Emily

doi:10.1038/pr.2017.230

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…As well larger cerebellar and brainstem volumes were associated with improved motor scores. ( 12 ) Although we did not find that cholesterol levels were associated with improved language or motor scores, an association between cholesterol levels and cerebellar volumes suggests that these larger volumes may also be contributing to improved outcomes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

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Plasma cholesterol levels and brain development in preterm newborns

et al. 2018

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Objective:To assess whether postnatal plasma cholesterol levels are associated with microstructural and macrostrucural regional brain development in preterm newborns.Methods:Sixty preterm newborns (born 24-32 weeks gestational age) were assessed using MRI studies soon after birth and again at term-equivalent age. Blood samples were obtained within 7 days of each MRI scan to analyze for plasma cholesterol and lathosterol (a marker of endogenous cholesterol synthesis) levels. Outcomes were assessed at 3 years using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd edition.Results:Early plasma lathosterol levels were associated with increased axial and radial diffusivity, and increased volume of the subcortical white matter. Early plasma cholesterol levels were associated with increased volume of the cerebellum. Early plasma lathosterol levels were associated with a 2-point decrease in motor scores at 3 years.Conclusions:Higher early endogenous cholesterol synthesis is associated with worse microstructural measures and larger volumes in the subcortical white matter which may signify regional edema, and worse motor outcomes. Higher early cholesterol is associated with improved cerebellar volumes. Further work is needed to better understand how the balance of cholesterol supply and endogenous synthesis impacts preterm brain development, especially if these may be modifiable factors to improve outcomes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

“…Brain tissue volumes were automatically segmented into tissue classes (cortical grey matter, white matter, deep grey matter, cerebellum, and brainstem) as previously described, with Dice Similar Coefficients of 0.883 across tissue classes. ( 12 , 13 )…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma cholesterol levels and brain development in preterm newborns

et al. 2018

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“…EF seemed to be associated with better language development at four years of age. Furthermore, higher DHA levels have been associated with larger cortical grey matter and cerebellar volumes [28], which are involved in different language tasks [29]. Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have also shown that infants supplemented with DHA show better language and communication skills [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a Functional Nutrients-Enriched Infant Formula on Language Development in Healthy Children at Four Years Old

et al. 2020

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Nutrition during early life is essential for brain development and establishes the basis for cognitive and language skills development. It is well established that breastfeeding, compared to formula feeding, has been traditionally associated with increased neurodevelopmental scores up to early adulthood. We analyzed the long-term effects of a new infant formula enriched with bioactive compounds on healthy children’s language development at four years old. In a randomized double-blind COGNIS study, 122 children attended the follow-up call at four years. From them, 89 children were fed a standard infant formula (SF, n = 46) or an experimental infant formula enriched with functional nutrients (EF, n = 43) during their first 18 months of life. As a reference group, 33 exclusively breastfed (BF) were included. Language development was assessed using the Oral Language Task of Navarra-Revised (PLON-R). ANCOVA, chi-square test, and logistic regression models were performed. EF children seemed to show higher scores in use of language and oral spontaneous expression than SF children, and both SF and EF groups did not differ from the BF group. Moreover, it seems that SF children were more frequently categorized into “need to improve and delayed” in the use of language than EF children, and might more frequently present “need to improve and delayed” in the PLON-R total score than BF children. Finally, the results suggest that SF children presented a higher risk of suffering language development than BF children. Secondary analysis also showed a slight trend between low socioeconomic status and poorer language skills. The functional compound-enriched infant formula seems to be associated with beneficial long-term effects in the development of child’s language at four years old in a similar way to breastfed infants.

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“…Higher near-birth DHA concentration was also associated with larger cortical grey matter, deep grey matter, and brainstem volumes, and higher near-term DHA concentration with larger deep grey matter, cerebellar, and brainstem volumes at term-equivalent age. Larger cortical and deep grey matter, cerebellar, and brainstem volumes at term-equivalent age were in turn associated with improved language scores, and larger cerebellar and brainstem volumes with improved motor scores at 30–36 months’ corrected age [127]. DHA concentrations are altered by the type and amount of lipid in the maternal diet and postnatal intravenous and enteral nutrition [128].…”

Section: Evidence Of Nutritional Effects On the Brain From Brain Imentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Early Nutrition on Brain Growth and Neurodevelopment in Extremely Preterm Babies: A Narrative Review

et al. 2019

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Extremely preterm babies are at increased risk of less than optimal neurodevelopment compared with their term-born counterparts. Optimising nutrition is a promising avenue to mitigate the adverse neurodevelopmental consequences of preterm birth. In this narrative review, we summarize current knowledge on how nutrition, and in particular, protein intake, affects neurodevelopment in extremely preterm babies. Observational studies consistently report that higher intravenous and enteral protein intakes are associated with improved growth and possibly neurodevelopment, but differences in methodologies and combinations of intravenous and enteral nutrition strategies make it difficult to determine the effects of each intervention. Unfortunately, there are few randomized controlled trials of nutrition in this population conducted to determine neurodevelopmental outcomes. Substantial variation in reporting of trials, both of nutritional intakes and of outcomes, limits conclusions from meta-analyses. Future studies to determine the effects of nutritional intakes in extremely preterm babies need to be adequately powered to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes separately in boys and girls, and designed to address the many potential confounders which may have clouded research findings to date. The development of minimal reporting sets and core outcome sets for nutrition research will aid future meta-analyses.

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Postnatal polyunsaturated fatty acids associated with larger preterm brain tissue volumes and better outcomes

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Plasma cholesterol levels and brain development in preterm newborns

Plasma cholesterol levels and brain development in preterm newborns

Influence of a Functional Nutrients-Enriched Infant Formula on Language Development in Healthy Children at Four Years Old

The Influence of Early Nutrition on Brain Growth and Neurodevelopment in Extremely Preterm Babies: A Narrative Review

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