Postnatal growth in children born small and appropriate for gestational age during the first years of life

Valūnienė, Margarita; Danylaitė, Agnė; Kryžiūtė, Dovilė; Ramanauskaitė, Giedrė; Lašienė, Danutė Teresė; Lašas, Liudvikas; Verkauskienė, Rasa

doi:10.3390/medicina45010008

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Weight and length at birth in AGA newborns was between –2 and +2 SDS [22]. Children were examined at 2, 5, 12, 18 and 24 months after birth, and once during later childhood (mean age, 6.3 ± 0.07 years) [22,23]. At the time of investigation, children were between 11 and 14 years of age (mean age, 12.5 ± 0.1 years), and mean pubertal stages were: pubic hair development, 2 (interquartile range, 2–3), gonadarche (stages according to Tanner for breast development in girls and genital stages in boys), 2 (interquartile range, 2–3), testicular volume in boys, 5 mL (interquartile range, 2–9 mL).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal Function in Adolescence is Related to Intrauterine and Postnatal Growth

et al. 2019

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Background and objectives: Intrauterine growth restriction is thought to be implicated in long-term programming of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity. We investigated adrenal function in adolescents born small for gestational age (SGA) in relation to their postnatal growth and cardiovascular parameters. Materials and Methods: Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, heart rate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and cortisol levels were assessed in 102 adolescents aged 11–14 years followed from birth (47 SGA and 55 born appropriate for gestational age (AGA)). Results: Mean DHEAS levels were higher in SGA adolescents with catch-up growth (SGACU+), compared with AGA. Second-year height velocity and body mass index (BMI) gain during preschool years were positively related to DHEAS levels. Morning cortisol levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in SGA adolescents without catch-up growth (SGACU−) compared with AGA. Second-year BMI gain was inversely, and 2–12 years increase in subscapular skinfold thickness was directly associated with cortisol levels. Size at birth and postnatal growth explained 47.8% and 38.2% of variation in DHEAS and cortisol levels, respectively. Conclusion: Adrenal function in adolescence is affected by prenatal and postnatal growth: small size at birth with postnatal catch-up growth is related to higher DHEAS secretion, whereas increased cortisol levels and blood pressure are higher in short SGA adolescents.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal Function in Adolescence is Related to Intrauterine and Postnatal Growth

et al. 2019

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“…Some studies have shown that accelerated bone maturation and peak height velocity occur at an earlier pubertal stage in small-forgestational-age (SGA) children than in appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) children, resulting in a shorter duration of pubertal growth and lower than expected peak pubertal growth. In addition, it appears that rapid weight gain and visceral adiposity responsible for insulin resistance in early childhood may influence pubertal onset in SGA-born children [45][46][47].…”

Section: Timing Of Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Pediatric Nutrition as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Precocious Puberty

Calcaterra

Verduci

Magenes

et al. 2021

Life

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Puberty is a critical phase of growth and development characterized by a complex process regulated by the neuroendocrine system. Precocious puberty (PP) is defined as the appearance of physical and hormonal signs of pubertal development at an earlier age than is considered normal. The timing of puberty has important public health, clinical, and social implications. In fact, it is crucial in psychological and physical development and can impact future health. Nutritional status is considered as one of the most important factors modulating pubertal development. This narrative review presents an overview on the role of nutritional factors as determinants of the timing of sexual maturation, focusing on early-life and childhood nutrition. As reported, breast milk seems to have an important protective role against early puberty onset, mainly due to its positive influence on infant growth rate and childhood overweight prevention. The energy imbalance, macro/micronutrient food content, and dietary patterns may modulate the premature activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, inducing precocious activation of puberty. An increase in knowledge on the mechanism whereby nutrients may influence puberty will be useful in providing adequate nutritional recommendations to prevent PP and related complications.

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“…. Também não se tem observado consenso dessa relação para os pré-escolares sendo descrita como positiva no estudo de VALŪNIENE et al 139 e como negativa no estudo de IBÁÑEZ et al 55,56 .…”

Section: Figuraunclassified

Estado nutricional, composição corporal e peso ao nascer de crianças de 2 a 6 anos de idade de creches públicas de Taubaté, SP

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DEDICATÓRIA Ao meu marido, Cláudiointernacionalmente aceitos. Para a avaliação da composição corporal utilizouse a área muscular do braço (AMB) e a área gorda do braço (AGB) em escores z e a razão CC para estatura (CC/E). As análises foram realizadas a partir dos parâmetros de tendência central, dispersão e proporções, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados -A média de peso ao nascer (PN) dos pré-escolares foi de 3150,1g com um desvio padrão (dp) de 487,7g e uma mediana de 3142,5g. As médias e os dp do escore z de estatura, peso e IMC a AMB (r P =0,52), a AGB (r P =0,66) e com a proporção da AGB (r P =0,54), p<0,0001. Já entre a razão CC/E e a proporção de AMB corrigida observou-se uma correlação inversa (r P = -0,38), p<0,0001. Conclusões -Quanto maior o peso ao nascer das crianças, maior o seu IMC na idade pré-escolar. A massa magra e a massa gorda corporal também são maiores na idade pré-escolar nas crianças com maior peso de nascimento. O importante é que nos pré-escolares com excesso de peso a massa magra é menor nos que nasceram com menor peso, sem que se observe diferença para a massa gorda corporal em função do peso ao nascer. Quanto maior a razão CC/E também será maior a quantidade de massa magra e de massa gorda corporal, contudo o aumento da razão CC/E é acompanhado por um aumento desproporcionalmente maior da massa gorda em comparação com o da magra.Descritores: criança pré-escolar, peso ao nascer, composição corporal, circunferência da cintura, sobrepeso, obesidade, indicadores de saúde. showed a direct correlation with BW (r P =0.16; p<0.0001). In the preschool sample as a whole, the higher the BW the higher the BMI (r P =0.19; p<0.0001). ABSTRACTThe median preschool children Z-score of BMI of the group born with more than 3500g was superior to the one observed in the group born with lower weight. By a multiple linear regression each increase of 1kg in the birth weight corresponds to an increase of 0,45 z scores in the BMI at preschool age. It was also observed a direct correlation between BW and the UMA (r P =0.13; p<0.0001) and the UFA (r P =0.10; p=0.003). The preschool children with excess of weight and that were born below the median of BW showed a lower UMA in comparison to those born with a weight above the median. There was no difference to the medians of UFA or WC according to birth weight. The WHtR showed a direct correlation with the BMI (r P =0.78), the UMA (r P =0.52), the UFA (r P =0.66) and the arm fat index (% fat area), r P =0.54, p<0.0001. On the other hand it was observed an inverse correlation between the WHtR and the proportion of the UMA corrected (% muscle area), r P = -0.38 and p<0.0001. Conclusions -The higher the children's birth weight, the higher their BMI in preschool age. The lean and the fat body masses are also higher in the preschool age in children with a higher birth weight. The most relevant things observed is that in preschool children with excess of weight the lean mass is lower in the ones who were born with a lower weight, and that there were...

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Postnatal growth in children born small and appropriate for gestational age during the first years of life

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Adrenal Function in Adolescence is Related to Intrauterine and Postnatal Growth

Adrenal Function in Adolescence is Related to Intrauterine and Postnatal Growth

The Role of Pediatric Nutrition as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Precocious Puberty

Estado nutricional, composição corporal e peso ao nascer de crianças de 2 a 6 anos de idade de creches públicas de Taubaté, SP

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