The Role of Pediatric Nutrition as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Precocious Puberty

Calcaterra, Valeria; Verduci, Elvira; Magenes, Vittoria Carlotta; Pascuzzi, Martina Chiara; Rossi, Virginia; Sangiorgio, Arianna; Bosetti, Alessandra; Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo; Mameli, Chiara

doi:10.3390/life11121353

Cited by 17 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 245 publications

(431 reference statements)

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“…Leptin is a cytokine produced mainly by adipocytes, which acts as an anorectic factor, playing an essential role in controlling body weight, food intake, and energy balance by inhibiting the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY), thus suppressing appetite (13,14). Normal body weight and composition must be attained during childhood to avoid pubertal dysfunction (1). In addition to the leptin-NPY interaction, some studies showed that leptin acts on puberty and reproductive function by directly interacting with the KiSS-1gene.…”

Section: Physiology Of the Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Puberty is a complex process with wide physiological variation. Mechanisms regulating the onset of puberty involve genetic, nutritional and environmental interactions (1).…”

Section: Precocious Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) or gonadotropinindependent PP (or pseudoprecocious puberty), due to an excessive secretion of gonadal sex hormones or adrenal hormones from a genetic or tumoral etiology, germ cell tumors secreting hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin-exclusively in boys), or an exogenous source (1).…”

Section: Precocious Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Puberty is a critical phase of life associated with physiological changes related to sexual maturation and represents a complex process regulated by multiple endocrine and genetic controls (1). Gonadal sex hormones are secreted in accordance with the pulsatile secretion of the pituitary gonadotropin follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (FSH and LH), which is activated by the release of the hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precocious puberty and microbiota: The role of the sex hormone–gut microbiome axis

et al. 2022

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Puberty is a critical phase of life associated with physiological changes related to sexual maturation, and represents a complex process regulated by multiple endocrine and genetic controls. Puberty is driven by hormones, and it can impact the gut microbiome (GM). GM differences between sex emerge at puberty onset, confirming a relationship between microbiota and sex hormones. In this narrative review, we present an overview of precocious pubertal development and the changes in the GM in precocious puberty (PP) in order to consider the role of the sex hormone–gut microbiome axis from the perspective of pediatric endocrinology. Bidirectional interactions between the GM and sex hormones have been proposed in different studies. Although the evidence on the interaction between microbiota and sex hormones remains limited in pediatric patients, the evidence that GM alterations may occur in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) represents an interesting finding for the prediction and prevention of PP. Deepening the understanding of the connection between the sex hormones and the role of microbiota changes can lead to the implementation of microbiota-targeted therapies in pubertal disorders by offering a pediatric endocrinology perspective.

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Section: Physiology Of the Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Puberty is a complex process with wide physiological variation. Mechanisms regulating the onset of puberty involve genetic, nutritional and environmental interactions (1).…”

Section: Precocious Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Precocious Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precocious puberty and microbiota: The role of the sex hormone–gut microbiome axis

et al. 2022

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“…Genes partly determine when an individual’s puberty begins. For instance, makorin ring finger protein 3 ( MKRN3 ) and delta-like noncanonical Notch ligand 1 ( DLK1 ) are key genetic drivers in the progression of central precocious puberty [ 7 , 8 ]. Obesity also plays a critical role [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and Nutrients Intakes during Infancy and Childhood in Relation to Early Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tang

Xue

Huang³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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The onset of puberty has become earlier over the decades, and nutrients and diet are related to the timing of puberty onset. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between diet or nutrients in infancy, childhood and early puberty. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library were searched systematically up to 15 April 2022. The pooled relative risks (RRs) or regression coefficients (beta) were estimated using the random-effect model or fixed-effect model according to the heterogeneity between studies. Twenty-two articles on diet or nutrients in childhood and six about breastfeeding in infancy were included. The prolonged breastfeeding duration in infancy could reduce the risk of early menarche (beta 0.31, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.60, p = 0.045). The high intake of yogurt was associated with a 35% reduction in the risk of earlier menarche (RR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.89, p = 0.008). Girls with severe food insecurity experienced later menarche (RR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.98, p = 0.027). Conversely, due to the high intake of protein, the risk of early menarche increased by 8% (RR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.16, p = 0.016). High intake of yogurt, longer duration of breastfeeding, and food insecurity decreased the possibility of earlier menarche, while high intake of protein increased that risk. As a modifiable factor, diet and nutrients in infancy and childhood provide new insights into the future prevention of early puberty.

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Characterization of MicroRNA expression profiles in the ovarian tissue of goats during the sexual maturity period

Wang,

et al. 2023

J Ovarian Res

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Background The ovary is an important reproductive organ in mammals, and its development directly affects the sexual maturity and reproductive capacity of individuals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as regulators of reproductive physiological processes in various animals and have been shown to regulate ovarian development through typical targeting and translational repression. However, little is known about the regulatory role of miRNAs in ovarian tissue development during sexual maturity in goats. To comprehensively profile the different physiological stages of sexual maturation in goats, we performed small-RNA sequencing of ovarian tissue samples collected at four specific time points (1 day after birth (D1), 2 months old (M2), 4 months old (M4), and 6 months old (M6)). In addition, we used ELISAs to measure serum levels of reproductive hormones to study their temporal changes. Results The results showed that serum levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, oestradiol, progesterone, oxytocin, and prolactin were lower in goats at the D1 stage than at the other three developmental stages (P < 0.05). The secretion patterns of these seven hormones show a similar trend, with hormone levels reaching their peaks at 4 months of age. A total of 667 miRNAs were detected in 20 libraries, and 254 differentially expressed miRNAs and 3 groups of miRNA clusters that had unique expression patterns were identified (|log2-fold change|> 1, FDR < 0.05) in the 6 comparison groups. RT‒qPCR was employed to confirm that the expression pattern of the 15 selected miRNAs was consistent with the Illumina sequencing results. Gene ontology analyses revealed significant enrichment of GO terms such as cell proliferation regulation, epithelial cell development, and amino acid transport, as well as important signaling pathways including the MAPK signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the oestrogen signaling pathway. Further miRNA‒mRNA regulation network analysis revealed that 8 differentially expressed miRNAs (chi-miR-1343, chi-miR-328-3p, chi-miR-877-3p, chi-miR-296-3p, chi-miR-128-5p, chi-miR-331-3p, chi-miR-342-5p and chi-miR-34a) have important regulatory roles in ovarian cell proliferation, hormone secretion and metabolism-related biological processes. Conclusions Overall, our study investigated the changes in serum hormone and miRNA levels in the ovaries. These data provide a valuable resource for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in ovarian tissue during the sexual maturity period in goats.

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The Role of Pediatric Nutrition as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Precocious Puberty

Cited by 17 publications

References 245 publications

Precocious puberty and microbiota: The role of the sex hormone–gut microbiome axis

Precocious puberty and microbiota: The role of the sex hormone–gut microbiome axis

Diet and Nutrients Intakes during Infancy and Childhood in Relation to Early Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Characterization of MicroRNA expression profiles in the ovarian tissue of goats during the sexual maturity period

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