Abstract:The aim of the present study was to compare the toxic effects of fluoxetine (F) (8 and 16 mg/kg) and venlafaxine (V) (40 and 80 mg/kg) administered during the third week of pregnancy on early development of rats. Both antidepressants were administered by gavage on pregnancy days 15 to 20 to groups of 10 to 12 animals each. Duration of gestation, food and water consumption, number of live pups and birth weight were recorded. Litters were culled to six pups at birth (day 1) and followed for growth until weaning … Show more
“…Similar results have been reported in other studies with rodents [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. In addition to low birth weight due to prenatal SSRIs, da-Silva et al also found a sex and treatment effect, females with SSRI exposure had lower birth weight than males and nonexposed females [47].…”
. Perinatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) effects on body weight at birth and beyond A review of animal and human studies. Reproductive Toxicology, Elsevier, 2018, 77, pp.109-121. 10 Highlights Our paper reviews our current understanding of the impact of prenatal SSRI exposure on weight and growth using both human and animal findings. Our review extends the previously published review paper by Grzeskowiak and colleagues in Repro Tox in 2012 by including findings beyond infancy, the impact of maternal mood -pre and post natal, and given that the majority our 5HT is in the gastrointestinal (GI) system we speculate that altering 5HT signaling, via SSRI exposure might have an impact on GI function and later weight gain. With recent advances in our understanding of the gut-brain axis and the role of 5HT, we raise critical questions about how weight and growth outcomes might be related to SSRI induced changes in the GI microbiome. Our paper provides an updated review of the literature (e.g., Leuner et al 2014;Nezvalová-Henriksen et al., 2016), with a particular focus on weight related outcomes beyond birth, developmental aspects of SSRI exposure that might also impact weight and growth, as well as provides detailed suggestions for future research.
AbstractThe long-term impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant treatment during pregnancy and postpartum on offspring outcomes is still not clear. Specifically, perinatal SSRI exposure may have long-term consequences for body weight and related health outcomes in the newborn period and beyond. This review focuses on the impact of perinatal SSRI exposure on weight using human and animal findings. The impact of maternal mood is also explored. We propose potential mechanisms for weight changes, including how early alterations in serotonin signaling may have implications for weight via changes in metabolism and motor development.As the majority of serotonin is in the gastrointestinal (GI) system we also speculate that perinatal SSRI exposure might alter the brain-gut relationship, via the microbiome, leading to changes in feeding behavior and weight.
“…Similar results have been reported in other studies with rodents [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. In addition to low birth weight due to prenatal SSRIs, da-Silva et al also found a sex and treatment effect, females with SSRI exposure had lower birth weight than males and nonexposed females [47].…”
. Perinatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) effects on body weight at birth and beyond A review of animal and human studies. Reproductive Toxicology, Elsevier, 2018, 77, pp.109-121. 10 Highlights Our paper reviews our current understanding of the impact of prenatal SSRI exposure on weight and growth using both human and animal findings. Our review extends the previously published review paper by Grzeskowiak and colleagues in Repro Tox in 2012 by including findings beyond infancy, the impact of maternal mood -pre and post natal, and given that the majority our 5HT is in the gastrointestinal (GI) system we speculate that altering 5HT signaling, via SSRI exposure might have an impact on GI function and later weight gain. With recent advances in our understanding of the gut-brain axis and the role of 5HT, we raise critical questions about how weight and growth outcomes might be related to SSRI induced changes in the GI microbiome. Our paper provides an updated review of the literature (e.g., Leuner et al 2014;Nezvalová-Henriksen et al., 2016), with a particular focus on weight related outcomes beyond birth, developmental aspects of SSRI exposure that might also impact weight and growth, as well as provides detailed suggestions for future research.
AbstractThe long-term impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant treatment during pregnancy and postpartum on offspring outcomes is still not clear. Specifically, perinatal SSRI exposure may have long-term consequences for body weight and related health outcomes in the newborn period and beyond. This review focuses on the impact of perinatal SSRI exposure on weight using human and animal findings. The impact of maternal mood is also explored. We propose potential mechanisms for weight changes, including how early alterations in serotonin signaling may have implications for weight via changes in metabolism and motor development.As the majority of serotonin is in the gastrointestinal (GI) system we also speculate that perinatal SSRI exposure might alter the brain-gut relationship, via the microbiome, leading to changes in feeding behavior and weight.
“…9 In humans, the teratogenic potential of most therapeutic agents remains unknown and is rarely related to specific malformations. It is estimated that 10% of congenital malformations are attributed to environmental causes, including the use of medication, while 21% occur due to either genetic or chromosomal abnormalities.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The rats were then separated into three groups (n = 5 each) and treated intraperitoneally with 10mg/kg/ day 7 of the test substances on the ninth, tenth and eleventh day The administration of 10mg/kg/day is equivalent to the dose used for treating anxiety-related disorders, 7 although other studies have reported that fluoxetine has been prescribed at doses ranging from 8mg to 16mg/kg/day. 9 On the twenty-first day of pregnancy, the rats were weighed and anesthetized intraperitoneally with xilazine (Rompum® 20mg/ mL, Bayer) and ketamine hydrochloride (Ketamin-S(+)® 50mg/ mL, Cristália) at a ratio of 1:3 at a dose of 0.3mL for each 100g of animal weight. Through a long abdominal incision, the fetuses were exposed and distributed into 3 groups: 55 in the control group, 62 in the fluoxetine group and 57 in the imipramine hydrochloride group.…”
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate morphological alterations in rat fetuses treated with fluoxetine and imipramine during the "critical" period of gestation. METHOD: Fifteen female rats were separated into three groups (n = 5) and treated with 10 mg/kg/day of test substances on the ninth, tenth and eleventh day of pregnancy: G1, fluoxetine; G2, imipramine hydrochloride; G3 (control), saline. On day 21, cesarean sections were performed to release the fetuses, whose bodies were weighed and macroscopically analyzed. The placenta was also weighed. The fetuses were then fixed and their encephala removed and weighed. Sections of the frontal lobe were taken for histological neuron counting. RESULTS: G1 and G2 showed the highest fetal body weight. Placental weight showed statistical differences (p < 0.01): G1 weighed more than G2 and G3. Otherwise, G2 exhibited the highest encephalon weight, statistically differing from G3 (control) and fluoxetine-treated G1 (p < 0.01). However, G1 did not statistically (p > 0.01) differ from the control group. G3 showed the highest number of neurons per area when compared to G1 and G2 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The use of antidepressants in rats caused an increase in fetal weight and a decrease in the number of fetal frontal lobe neurons, thus suggesting that the use of antidepressants by pregnant women can induce depression in fetuses due to alterations in their neural development.
“…Few investigations have also focused on the behavioral consequences of perinatal treatment with the novel antidepressants, such as venlafaxine, mirtazapine, reboxetine, nefazodone, and milnacipran. A recent report found no detrimental effects in rats gestationally exposed to venlafaxine (da Silva et al, 1999). There are no published reports showing neurochemical and behavioral effects induced by perinatal administration of novel antidepressants.…”
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