Postnatal calf mortality- A review

Mandal, Amit K J; Pathak, K.; Karunakaran, M.; Ghosh, M. K.

doi:10.36062/ijah.58.2.2019.147-156

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…Calf mortality is multifactorial and can be a result of infectious and non-infectious causes ( Mandal et al ., 2019 ). In this study, the most likely causes of pre-weaning calf mortality were infectious in nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reports have indicated that the two most frequent diseases causing heifer mortality are gastrointestinal disorders (diarrhea) and respiratory disease (pneumonia) ( Torsein et al ., 2011 ; Fruscalso et al ., 2020 ). Moreover, disorders involving the gastrointestinal system have been reported as the most prevalent causes of death in cattle at 3–6 months of age ( Mandal et al ., 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In dairy herds, good health and survival of neonatal calves are a direct result of farm management and calf-rearing practices such as calving and pre-calving management, biosecurity, sanitation, vaccination, housing, and feeding ( Hultgren and Svensson, 2009 ; Cuttance et al ., 2018 ). Etiologically, calf and heifer mortality can be caused by infectious and non-infectious causes ( Mandal et al ., 2019 ). Among the infectious diseases, the majority of calves die every year because of enteritis (diarrhea) and pneumonia caused by bacteria, viruses, and protozoa while the majority of non-infectious causes are dystocia, improper feeding of colostrum, low birth weight, and poor management practices ( Mandal et al ., 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Etiologically, calf and heifer mortality can be caused by infectious and non-infectious causes ( Mandal et al ., 2019 ). Among the infectious diseases, the majority of calves die every year because of enteritis (diarrhea) and pneumonia caused by bacteria, viruses, and protozoa while the majority of non-infectious causes are dystocia, improper feeding of colostrum, low birth weight, and poor management practices ( Mandal et al ., 2019 ). Other specific known herd- and animal-level risk factors for calf and heifer mortality include dystocia, sex, twinning rate, dam parity, herd size, and birth season ( Lombard et al ., 2007 ; Stull et al ., 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dairy calf and replacement heifer mortality on a single intensively managed dairy farm in Jordan: A 3-yearlong study (2016-2018)

Ismail¹,

Muhaffel²

2022

Open Vet J

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Background: Pre-weaning dairy calf and replacement heifer mortality represents significant economic loss, limits genetic improvement and growth of the herd and indicates poor management and animal welfare status on the farm. Aim: Currently, the rates and causes of dairy calf and replacement heifer mortality in Jordan are not known. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the incidence rates and causes of mortality of pre-weaning calves and replacement heifers in Jordan. In addition, the age and seasonal distribution of mortality are determined in the study. Methods: Data extracted from the farm management record software over 3 years (January 2016 to December 2018) were used in this study. Calf-specific data included the day and month of birth, and sex. Health-related data included age at death, necropsy findings, laboratory findings if available, and the presumptive diagnosis. Descriptive analysis was performed to determine the 3-year overall mortality rate as well as the yearly mortality rate in pre-weaning calves and replacement heifers using excel spreadsheets of Microsoft Word 10. Results: Only female calves (n= 724) born alive during the study period were used in the analysis. The overall calf mortality rate was 8.9% with a yearly rate ranging between 5.9% to 12%. The majority of deaths occurred in calves less than 50 days of age with an average age of 17 days. There was a seasonal pattern for calf mortality with the majority of deaths occurred during the colder months of the year (December, January, February, March). The highest number of pre-weaning calves died because of enterotoxemia (39%) and pneumonia (30%). Other causes of calf mortality were abomasal ulcer (8%), enteritis (6%), septicemic salmonellosis (5%), meningitis (4%), rumen drinkers (3%), aspiration pneumonia (3%), septic arthritis (1%), and omphalitis (1%). The overall 3-year heifer mortality rate was 4%. The average age of dead heifers was 8 months (range 3 months to 23 months). The highest number of heifers died because of neurologic disease (37%) and enterotoxemia (33%). Other causes of heifer mortality were abomasal ulcer (11%), enteric salmonellosis (7%), chronic rumen tympany (7%), and chronic pneumonia (4%). Conclusion: Data presented in this study are essential to construct and implement effective preventative health programs and improve farm management practices to reduce calf and heifer losses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%