Posterior urethral valve in fetuses: evidence for the role of inflammatory molecules

Abstract

This study shows that inflammatory molecules are already increased in fetuses with PUV at the mean gestational age of 22 weeks, suggesting a physiopathological role for inflammation just after the embryological formation of the urethral membrane.

Interleukin‐10‐1082A/G polymorphism is associated with renal parenchymal damage in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract

“…Another important finding of the present study is the significant elevation of serum IL‐10 in CAKUT patients, compared to unaffected children. Previous study has shown that urinary level of IL‐10 was significantly higher in samples obtained from foetuses with PUV in comparison to healthy preterm neonates . In addition, we have detected some extremely high IL‐10 levels in cases with severe parenchymal damage.…”

“…Previous study has shown that urinary level of IL-10 was significantly higher in samples obtained from foetuses with PUV in comparison to healthy preterm neonates. 25 In addition, we have detected some extremely high IL-10 levels in cases with severe parenchymal damage. Bearing in mind the functional role of IL10-1082A/G polymorphism, we hypothesized that the observed inter-individual differences could be due to a current -1082A/G-genotype.…”

“…We suppose that higher IL-10 can prevent proper initiation of inflammatory responses against pathogens, to facilitate pathogen establishment and hence, increase risk of renal damage. In addition, Vieira et al 25 have demonstrated significant elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ simultaneously with increment of IL-10 and TGF-β in urine samples of foetuses with PUV and suggested the physiopathological role of inflammation just after the embryological formation of the urethral membrane. On the other hand, an overexpression of IL10 in early gestation foetal skin and its absence in postnatal human skin 27 showed the essential role of IL-10 in the ability of the foetus to heal regeneratively 28,29 that is eliminated during the postnatal period.…”

“…We suppose that higher IL‐10 can prevent proper initiation of inflammatory responses against pathogens, to facilitate pathogen establishment and hence, increase risk of renal damage. In addition, Vieira et al . have demonstrated significant elevation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6 and IFN‐γ simultaneously with increment of IL‐10 and TGF‐β in urine samples of foetuses with PUV and suggested the physiopathological role of inflammation just after the embryological formation of the urethral membrane.…”

Myocardial function in fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction: Is there a cardiac remodeling effect due to renal damage?

“…As we know from experimental data, LUTO fetuses present increased urinary levels of RAS molecules like angiotensin (Ang) I, Ang‐(1‐7), and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in comparison with controls . This may be a regulatory response to an inflammatory process, which is triggered by LUTO . Chowdhury et al demonstrated that serum prorenin was higher in LUTO cases than in controls and declined after corrective surgery .…”