Posterior tibial nerve—primary

Lau, Johnny; Stavrou, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.fcl.2003.12.002

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Furthermore, there are changes in non-reflexive (spontaneous) pain in animals with nerve injury: vocalization [101], change in spontaneous motor activity [69], conditioned place preference (CPP) [75;98], escape avoidance (PEAP)[106] social behavior such as dominance [126]. Human subjects with neuropathic pain similarly show phenotypes of spontaneous pain, dysesthesia, and thermal and mechanical allodynia [8;96;107]. A problem associated with measuring spontaneous behaviors such as these in neuropathic pain versus other types of pain is that neuropathic models can elicit sensations other than pain – numbness and tingling - that could evoke false positive responses.…”

Section: Animal Models Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Animal Models of Pain: Disease Models and Outcome Measures

Gregory

Harris

Robinson

et al. 2013

The Journal of Pain

335

255

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Pain is ultimately a perceptual phenomenon. It is built from information gathered by specialized pain receptors in tissue, modified by spinal and supraspinal mechanisms, and integrated into a discrete sensory experience with an emotional valence in the brain. Because of this, studying intact animals allows the multidimensional nature of pain to be examined. A number of animal models have been developed, reflecting observations that pain phenotypes are mediated by distinct mechanisms. Animal models of pain are designed to mimic distinct clinical diseases to better evaluate underlying mechanisms and potential treatments. Outcome measures are designed to measure multiple parts of the pain experience including reflexive hyperalgesia measures, sensory and affective dimensions of pain and impact of pain on function and quality of life. In this review we discuss the common methods used for inducing each of the pain phenotypes related to clinical pain syndromes, as well as the main behavioral tests for assessing pain in each model.

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Section: Animal Models Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Animal Models of Pain: Disease Models and Outcome Measures

Gregory

Harris

Robinson

et al. 2013

The Journal of Pain

335

255

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The main nerves affected in heel pain are the posterior tibial (in tarsal tunnel syndrome), 9 the medial calcaneal (heel neuroma), 10 the medial plantar and the lateral plantar including the first branch to abductor digiti minimi, 11 and the sural (including lateral calcaneal) nerves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferior heel pain in soccer players: a retrospective study with a proposal for guidelines of treatment

Saggini

Migliorini

Carmignano

et al. 2018

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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BackgroundThe cause of heel pain among soccer players is multifactorial and is related to repetitive microtrauma due to impact forces involving technical moves, but also the playground, the exercise mode, the recovery time, the climatic conditions and the footwear used.AimTo investigate the aetiology of plantar heel pain of soccer players with the objective of proposing an example of guidelines for treatment.MethodsWe investigated the prevalence and characteristics of inferior heel pain of 1473 professional, semiprofessional and amateur players. All evaluated subjects were submitted to a specific rehabilitation protocol that involved advanced physical therapies and viscoelastic insoles depending on the aetiology of pain.ResultsClinical and instrumental examinations revealed that 960 of 1473 athletes had inferior heel pain. These patients were divided into seven groups based on aetiology: sural nerve compression, abductor digiti minimi compression, atrophy and inflammation of the fat pad, plantar fasciitis, stress injury of the heel spur, stress fracture of the heel bone and heel spur. The proposed rehabilitation treatment aims for a reduction of pain and an early return to sports, with excellent results.ConclusionsAccording to what was observed in the present study, related also to the specific treatment of inferior heel pain, and considering the technological progress achieved in recent years, we can now propose an integrated therapeutic approach to treatment of heel pain, properly differentiated according to specific aetiology.

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“…Additionally, it was reported that as well as gout, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acromegaly and hypothyroidism, the obesity enables developing TTS [41]. Besides, rapid weight gain was also mentioned among the reasons of TTS [35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremities and Body Mass Index

Aksoy¹,

Ünaldı²,

Çevik³

et al. 2013

CMJ

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Aims. Peroneal neuropathy, meralgia paresthetica and tarsal tunnel syndrome are the most common entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremities. Although, the effect of Body Mass Index on the entrapment neuropathies of the upper extremities, especially carpal tunnel syndrome, has been studied extensively, its effect on the entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremities, except meralgia paresthetica which is well known to be associated with obesity, is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relations between Body Mass Index and the common entrapment neurophaties of the lower extremities. Methods. This retrospective study focused on 204 patients that were referred to our electrophysiology laboratory with a pre-diagnosis of peroneal neuropathy, meralgia paresthetica, and tarsal tunnel syndrome. Each group is separated into two subgroups consisting of patients with and without entrapment neuropathy. Age, sex, and Body Mass Index values are compared amongst the groups. In addition, all of the patients with a pre-diagnosis of entrapment neuropathy are further divided into two subgroups based on their Body Mass Index as 'obese' and 'non-obese' patients, and type and frequency of entrapment neuropathies are investigated. Results. The mean age of the patients pre-diagnosed with entrapment neuropathy was 42.61± 13.75. There were 97 men and 107 women. Of the 100 patients that were verified to have entrapment neuropathy, 39 were diagnosed with peroneal neuropathy, 39 with meralgia paresthetica and remaining 22 with tarsal tunnel syndrome. 93.8% of the 'obese' patients who admitted with the pre-diagnosis of meralgia paresthetica were confirmed to have this diagnosis. Body Mass Index values of the patients with verified meralgia paresthetica were significantly higher than those of the patients who were found not to have meralgia paresthetica. There were no significant differences regarding Body Mass Index values between the patients with and without peroneal neuropathy or tarsal tunnel syndrome. Conclusion. It is suggested that meralgia paresthetica is related to high Body Mass Index and obesity. Very limited number of the past studies mentioned associations between high Body Mass Index and tarsal tunnel syndrome, and weight loss and peroneal neuropathy. In this investigation, no significant association was found between obesity or emaciation and peroneal neuropathy or tarsal tunnel syndrome. In addition, the rate of meralgia paresthetica was higher in patients with advanced age, but there was no significant relationship between advancing age and peroneal neuropathy or tarsal tunnel syndrome in this study. Keywords: Lower extremity, Body Mass Index, nerve compression syndromes ÖzetAmaç. Alt ekstremite tuzak nöropatileri arasında en sık olanlar peroneal nöropati, meralgia parestetica ve tarsal tünel sendromudur. Üst ekstremite tuzak nöropatilerinde özellikle karpal tünel sendromu ile Vücut Kitle İndeksi ilişkisi konusunda pek çok çalışma yapılmış olmasına rağmen alt ekstremitede obeziteyle i...

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Posterior tibial nerve—primary

Cited by 31 publications

References 65 publications

An Overview of Animal Models of Pain: Disease Models and Outcome Measures

An Overview of Animal Models of Pain: Disease Models and Outcome Measures

Inferior heel pain in soccer players: a retrospective study with a proposal for guidelines of treatment

Relations between entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremities and Body Mass Index

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