Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection: risk factors and illness profile in a prospective, observational community-based case-control study

Antonelli, Michela; Merino, Jordi; Sudre, Carole H.; Molteni, Erika; Berry, Sarah; Canas, Liane S; Graham, Mark S.; Kläser, Kerstin; Modat, Marc; Murray, Benjamin; Kerfoot, Eric; Chen, Liyuan; Deng, Jie; Österdahl, Marc F.; Cheetham, Nathan J.; Drew, David A.; Nguyen, Long Alden; Capdeila, Joan; Hu, Christina; Selvachandran, Somesh; Polidori, Lorenzo; May, Anna; Wolf, Jonathan; Chan, Andrew T.; Hammers, Alexander; Duncan, Emma L.; Spector, Timothy D.; Ourselin, Sébastien; Steves, Claire J.

doi:10.1101/2021.05.24.21257738

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Of 900 people with long COVID, 56.7% of those vaccinated saw an overall improvement, 18.7% a deterioration, and 24.6% were unchanged post-vaccination. In another survey study (COVID symptom app study), 258 , 259 the odds of experiencing symptoms more than 28 days post-vaccination was halved by two vaccinations ( n = 906). Some experts posit that an accelerated viral clearance and a muted chronic inflammatory response could explain symptom reduction following vaccination.…”

Section: Special Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus

Raman

Bluemke

Lüscher

et al. 2022

European Heart Journal

406

318

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Emerging as a new epidemic, long COVID or post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a condition characterized by the persistence of COVID-19 symptoms beyond 3 months, is anticipated to substantially alter the lives of millions of people globally. Cardiopulmonary symptoms including chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and autonomic manifestations such as postural orthostatic tachycardia are common and associated with significant disability, heightened anxiety, and public awareness. A range of cardiovascular (CV) abnormalities has been reported among patients beyond the acute phase and include myocardial inflammation, myocardial infarction, right ventricular dysfunction, and arrhythmias. Pathophysiological mechanisms for delayed complications are still poorly understood, with a dissociation seen between ongoing symptoms and objective measures of cardiopulmonary health. COVID-19 is anticipated to alter the long-term trajectory of many chronic cardiac diseases which are abundant in those at risk of severe disease. In this review, we discuss the definition of long COVID and its epidemiology, with an emphasis on cardiopulmonary symptoms. We further review the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying acute and chronic CV injury, the range of post-acute CV sequelae, and impact of COVID-19 on multiorgan health. We propose a possible model for referral of post-COVID-19 patients to cardiac services and discuss future directions including research priorities and clinical trials that are currently underway to evaluate the efficacy of treatment strategies for long COVID and associated CV sequelae.

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Section: Special Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus

Raman

Bluemke

Lüscher

et al. 2022

European Heart Journal

406

318

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 44 The risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 vaccination have been reported to include younger age, adverse health determinants, such as extended social isolation, obesity, unhealthy lifestyle, less adherence to preventive measures, and the presence of concomitant comorbidities, including renal disease, and receiving immunosuppressant medication. 45 …”

Section: Underlying Causes and Characteristics Of Sars-cov-2 Infectio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections after vaccination: a critical review

Afshar

Barary

Hosseinzadeh

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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At the beginning of the current pandemic, it was believed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection would induce lifelong immunity and that reinfections would be unlikely. However, after several cases of reinfection were documented in previously infected patients, this was understood to be a false assumption, and this waning humoral immunity has raised significant concerns. Accordingly, long-term and durable vaccine-induced antibody protection against infection have also become a challenge, as several breakthroughs of COVID-19 infection have been identified in individuals who were fully vaccinated. This review discusses the current evidence on breakthrough COVID-19 infections occurring after vaccination.

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COVID-19 Immunologic Antiviral Therapy With Omalizumab (CIAO)—a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Le,

Khoury,

et al. 2024

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background Omalizumab is an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody used to treat moderate to severe chronic idiopathic urticaria, asthma and nasal polyps. Recent research suggested that omalizumab may enhance the innate antiviral response and have anti-inflammatory properties. Objective We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in adults hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods This was a phase II randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing omalizumab versus placebo (in addition to standard of care) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The primary endpoint was the composite of mechanical ventilation and/or death at day 14. Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality at day 28, time to clinical improvement, and duration of hospitalization. Results Of 41 patients recruited, 40 were randomized (20 received the study drug and 20 placebo). The median age of the patients was 74 years and 55.0% were male. Omalizumab was associated with a 92.6% posterior probability of a reduction in mechanical ventilation and death on day 14 with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.11 (95% Credible Interval (CrI) 0.002-2.05). Omalizumab was also associated with a 79.4% posterior probability of reduced all-cause mortality on day 28 with an aOR of 0.45 (95% CrI 0.06-3.12). No statistically significant differences were found for the time to clinical improvement and duration of hospitalization. Numerically fewer adverse events were reported in the omalizumab group and there were no drug-related serious adverse events. Conclusion These results suggest that omalizumab could prove protective against death and mechanical ventilation in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This study could also support the development of a phase III trial program investigating the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect of omalizumab for severe respiratory viral illnesses requiring hospital admission.

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Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection: risk factors and illness profile in a prospective, observational community-based case-control study

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus

Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus

Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections after vaccination: a critical review

COVID-19 Immunologic Antiviral Therapy With Omalizumab (CIAO)—a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

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