Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression comorbidity: severity across different populations

Shah, Ravi; Shah, Amar; Links, Paul S.

doi:10.2217/npy.12.56

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As for PTSD, previous studies have similarly shown that the disorder’s severity was associated with the existence of co-occurring conditions, including depression and substance abuse (e.g. Shah et al, 2012). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine ASD-PTSD co-occurrence in this context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An unexplored co-occurrence of conditions

Haruvi-Lamdan

Horesh

Zohar

et al. 2020

Autism

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People with Autism Spectrum Disorder show an increased risk of experiencing potentially traumatic events, particularly social victimization. However, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder co-occurrence was hardly studied. We examined exposure to potentially traumatic life events and PTSD symptoms in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder vs typical adults. Twenty-five adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder and 25 typical adults were comparable on age and gender. Participants self-reported on potentially traumatic life events of social and non-social nature, and on PTSD symptoms related to their most distressing event. Results showed higher rates of probable-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Autism Spectrum Disorder group (32%) compared with the typical adults group (4%). Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder reported more PTSD symptoms, particularly re-experiencing and hyper-arousal, compared with typical adults, although the latter was elevated only in females with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder, especially females, reported more negative life events, particularly social events, than typical adults. Sixty percent of Autism Spectrum Disorder participants, but only 20% of typical adults, chose a social event as their most distressing event. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and probable-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder co-occurrence presented poorer social skills compared with those with Autism Spectrum Disorder alone. Results indicate increased vulnerability of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder to trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, especially due to social stressors. Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder may be particularly vulnerable to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Lay Abstract People with Autism Spectrum Disorder show an increased risk of experiencing traumatic events, particularly social victimization. However, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder co-occurrence was hardly studied. We examined exposure to traumatic life events and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder vs typical adults. Two groups took part in this study: Twenty-five adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder and 25 typical adults of similar age and male to female ratio. Participants completed questionnaires on potentially traumatic life events of social and non-social nature, as well as on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms related to their most distressing event. Participants also filled out an autism traits questionnaire. Results showed a higher Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder rate in the Autism Spectrum Disorder group (32%) compared with the typical group (4%). Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder reported more Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms, particularly re-experiencing and increased physiological arousal, compared with typical adults, although the latter was elevated only in females with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder, especially females, reported more negative life events, particularly social events, than typical adults. Sixty percent of Autism Spectrum Disorder participants, but only 20% of typical participants, chose a social event as their most distressing event. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder who were also suspected as having Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (based on their questionnaires) presented poorer social skills compared with those with Autism Spectrum Disorder alone. Results indicate that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder are more susceptible to trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, particularly due to social stressors. Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder may be especially vulnerable to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An unexplored co-occurrence of conditions

Haruvi-Lamdan

Horesh

Zohar

et al. 2020

Autism

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“…Exposure to trauma is common (Breslau et al ., 1991; Kessler et al ., 1995). 50-90% of people will experience a traumatic event in their lifetime but only 8-12% will go on to develop PTSD (Shah et al ., 2012), suggesting that certain individuals are at greater risk of developing PTSD than others following exposure (Auxéméry, 2012; Duncan et al ., 2018b; Nievergelt et al ., 2019). Similarly, stressful and traumatic events are significant risk factors for MDD (Horesh et al ., 2008; Shapero et al ., 2014; Hovens, 2015), but the majority of people who are exposed do not develop the disorder (Kessler, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological trauma and the genetic overlap between posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder

Mundy

Hübel

Levey

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are commonly reported co-occurring mental health consequences following psychological trauma exposure. The disorders have high genetic overlap. We investigated whether the genetics of PTSD were associated with reported trauma in individuals with MDD. Since trauma is associated with recurrent MDD, we also investigated whether the genetics of PTSD are associated with episode recurrence. Methods: Genetic correlations were estimated between PTSD and MDD in the presence and MDD in the absence of reported exposure to psychological trauma, and recurrent and single-episode MDD, based on genetic data from UK Biobank Mental Health Questionnaire respondents (N=157,358). Genetic correlations were replicated using PTSD data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and Million Veteran Program. Polygenic risk scores were generated to investigate whether individuals with MDD who have higher genetic risk for PTSD were more likely to report psychological trauma than those with lower genetic risk. Results: Individuals with MDD with a higher genetic risk for PTSD were significantly more likely to report exposure to psychological trauma than those with lower risk [OR=1.06 (1.03-1.09) Empricial p<0.001]. PTSD was significantly more genetically correlated with recurrent MDD than with MDD in the absence of reported psychological trauma [rg differences = ~0.2, p<0.008]. Participants who had experienced recurrent depressive episodes reported significantly higher trauma rates than participants who had experienced a single episode [chisquare>167, p<0.001]. Conclusions: Genetic risk for PTSD in individuals with MDD may influence the way in which traumatic life events are perceived, responded to and reported.

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“…Trauma victims experience a range of PTSD symptom levels following trauma exposure (Breslau, Reboussin, Anthony, & Storr, 2005), with many individuals reporting subclinical levels of PTSD symptoms yet experiencing functional impairment comparable to full diagnostic PTSD (Stein, Walker, Hazen, & Forde, 1997). Additionally, trauma victims experiencing PTSD and MDD (Momartin, Silove, Manicavasager, & Steel, 2004; Shah, Shah, & Links, 2012) or AoDs (Saladin et al, 1995) report both a greater number of – as well as more severe – PTSD symptoms compared to people with PTSD alone. Thus, it would be valuable to determine whether PTSD symptom severity is a discerning factor characterizing subgroups of recent trauma victims.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD symptom severity and psychiatric comorbidity in recent motor vehicle accident victims: A latent class analysis

Hruska

Irish

Pacella

et al. 2014

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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We conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) on 249 recent motor vehicle accident (MVA) victims to examine subgroups that differed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, current major depressive disorder and alcohol/other drug use disorders (MDD/AoDs), gender, and interpersonal trauma history 6-weeks post-MVA. A 4-class model best fit the data with a resilient class displaying asymptomatic PTSD symptom levels/low levels of comorbid disorders; a mild psychopathology class displaying mild PTSD symptom severity and current MDD; a moderate psychopathology class displaying severe PTSD symptom severity and current MDD/AoDs; and a severe psychopathology class displaying extreme PTSD symptom severity and current MDD. Classes also differed with respect to gender composition and history of interpersonal trauma experience. These findings may aid in the development of targeted interventions for recent MVA victims through the identification of subgroups distinguished by different patterns of psychiatric problems experienced 6-weeks post-MVA.

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Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression comorbidity: severity across different populations

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An unexplored co-occurrence of conditions

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An unexplored co-occurrence of conditions

Psychological trauma and the genetic overlap between posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder

PTSD symptom severity and psychiatric comorbidity in recent motor vehicle accident victims: A latent class analysis

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