Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An unexplored co-occurrence of conditions

Haruvi-Lamdan, Nirit; Horesh, Danny; Zohar, Shani; Kraus, Meital; Golan, Ofer

doi:10.1177/1362361320912143

Cited by 70 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Autistic people are routinely 'othered' in macro-and micro-social ways, as was highlighted by the findings of Sasson and colleagues' (2017) study mentioned above, showing that non-autistic people tend to form unconsidered, negative opinions about autistic individuals within the first few seconds of meeting them. Moreover, as are all disabled people, they are statistically more likely than non-autistic people to suffer abuse of some form or another (see, for example, Haruvi-Lamdan et al, 2020;Stalker and McArthur, 2012;Sullivan and Knutson, 2000).…”

Section: Loneliness 'Ethical Loneliness' and World Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

From anonymous subject to engaged stakeholder: Enriching participant experience in autistic-language-use research

Williams

2020

RFA

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The Talking Together community-engagement pilot project brought together pairs of autistic and non-autistic strangers to: (1) talk about their experiences of loneliness in their local city; and (2) think about potential, co-produced responses to the problem. The project had evolved as a secondary aim, from an initial need to acquire naturalistic conversation data for my linguistic PhD research investigating a theoretical reframing of autistic language use as ‘different’ rather than ‘deficient’. The desire to make the data collection a meaningful experience for the participants in its own right was central to the research design, and so the Talking Together loneliness project was devised as a way to achieve this. However, it was not until the research was under way that the potential for valuable, immediate impact became apparent. This article reflects on the successes and challenges of the Talking Together pilot as a piece of autistic-led participatory research, and explores how the principles of engaged, participatory research can be applied so as to maximize impact, even where engagement may not be a primary aim. It also explores the ‘participatory’ nature of participatory research where the researcher belongs to the marginalized stakeholder group.

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Section: Loneliness 'Ethical Loneliness' and World Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

From anonymous subject to engaged stakeholder: Enriching participant experience in autistic-language-use research

Williams

2020

RFA

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“…Furthermore, these individuals do not show decreased default mode network connectivity nor increased frontoparietal network connectivity in response to stressors compared with TD controls (van Oort et al 2020), which might indicate that individuals with ASD fail to transfer effectively attention resources from their internal emotional state to the external world, and that they fully invoke emotional regulation and executive functions to support adaptive coping when facing stressors (van Oort et al 2020). Evidence on relation between ASD/ATs and increased posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS), especially in the hyperarousal and negative emotion clusters (Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2020;Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2019;Nirit et al 2018), has further consolidated the atypical stress mechanism associated with ASD. In sum, all these ndings suggest that individuals with ASD or high ATs may have an enhanced response (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stress response of individuals with ASD or high ATs is likely to be regulated by the category of stressors (Taylor and Corbett 2014), and as such, the response characteristics of these individuals in different stress situations need to be further elucidated. In the study of the relation between ASD/ATs and PTSS, although the measured PTSS is based on a speci c stressor, type of stressor has a great deal of within-group variation, because participants' responses are based on the most traumatic events they have individually chosen from the list of stressful and traumatic life events (Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2020;Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2019), which means that the stressor types are almost different for each participant. Furthermore, in contrast to TD controls, individuals with ASD tend to perceive social stressors as their most traumatic event (Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2020;Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study of the relation between ASD/ATs and PTSS, although the measured PTSS is based on a speci c stressor, type of stressor has a great deal of within-group variation, because participants' responses are based on the most traumatic events they have individually chosen from the list of stressful and traumatic life events (Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2020;Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2019), which means that the stressor types are almost different for each participant. Furthermore, in contrast to TD controls, individuals with ASD tend to perceive social stressors as their most traumatic event (Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2020;Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2019). This overall bias in event types between groups is likely to limit the inter-group comparability of the measured PTSS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Females are more susceptible to experience PTSS than males owing to genetic and biological risk factors (Farhood et al 2018;Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2020), and tend to show more negative emotions, such as anger and fear after natural disasters (Shavit et al 2013) and during the current COVID-19 pandemic (Huang et al 2020;Isabelle and Kleinberg 2020). The association between ASD/ATs and trauma exposure and PTSS mainly brought by social stressors may be stronger in females thann in males (Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2020;Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2019). However, owing to the signi cant imbalance in the proportion of male and female in clinical studies, whether this gender inequality association can also be applied in the response to stressors associated with pathogen threat (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autistic traits and gender modulate emotion changes before and during the COVID-19 outbreak: a preliminary evidence based on quasi-experimental design

Zhao¹,

Zhao²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show an enhanced response to stressors, and gender plays an important role in stress response. Thus, autistic traits (ATs) in the general population and gender may regulate the emotion changes before and during the outbreak of COVID-19. The present study addressed this issue through a participants between quasi-experimental design, in which the epidemic status (before, during), gender (male, female), and AT groups (high ATs, low ATs) were independent variables, and positive and negative emotions were dependent variables. We used generalized linear models to estimate the effects of the independent variables and their interactions on emotions. The results showed that the COVID-19 outbreak reduced positive emotions and increased fear and anger. Furthermore, compared with before the COVID-19 outbreak, individuals with high ATs and females experienced stronger anger and fear than individuals with low ATs and males during the epidemic. The present study revealed the emotional impacts of COVID-19 and greater emotional susceptibility to COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with high ATs and females. Our findings provide prospective evidence for understanding the ASD/ATs-related enhanced response to pathogen threat-related stressors and have implications for COVID-19 crisis interventions.

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The association of adverse life events and parental mental health with emotional and behavioral outcomes in young adults with autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2021

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People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of developing co‐occurring mental health difficulties across the lifespan. Exposure to adverse life events and parental mental health difficulties are known risk factors for developing a range of mental health difficulties. This study investigates the association of adverse life events, parental stress and mental health with emotional and behavioral problems in young adults with ASD. One hundred and fifteen young adults with ASD derived from a population‐based longitudinal study were assessed at three time‐points (12‐, 16‐, and 23‐year) on questionnaire measures of emotional and behavioral problems. Parent‐reported exposure to adverse life events and parental stress/mental health were measured at age 23. We used structural equation modeling to investigate the stability of emotional and behavioral problems over time, and the association between adverse life events and parental stress and mental health and emotional and behavioral outcomes at 23‐year. Our results indicate that exposure to adverse life events was significantly associated with increased emotional and behavioral problems in young adults with ASD, while controlling for symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Higher reported parental stress and mental health difficulties were associated with a higher frequency of behavioral, but not emotional problems, and did not mediate the impact of adverse life events. These results suggest that child and adolescent emotional and behavioral problems, exposure to life events and parent stress and mental health are independently associated, to differing degrees, with emotional or behavioral outcomes in early adulthood. Lay Summary People with autism experience high rates of mental health difficulties throughout childhood and into adult life. Adverse life events and parental stress and mental health may contribute to poor mental health in adulthood. We used data at three time points (12‐, 16‐, and 23‐year) to understand how these factors relate to symptoms at 23‐year. We found that emotional and behavioral problems in childhood, adverse life events and parent mental health were all associated with increased emotional and behavioral problems in adulthood.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An unexplored co-occurrence of conditions

Cited by 70 publications

References 83 publications

From anonymous subject to engaged stakeholder: Enriching participant experience in autistic-language-use research

From anonymous subject to engaged stakeholder: Enriching participant experience in autistic-language-use research

Autistic traits and gender modulate emotion changes before and during the COVID-19 outbreak: a preliminary evidence based on quasi-experimental design

The association of adverse life events and parental mental health with emotional and behavioral outcomes in young adults with autism spectrum disorder

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