Post-traumatic onset of secondary progression of gynecomastia

Abstract

Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the male breast which can be a source of significant anxiety and embarrassment for the patients. A great variety of etiologic factors have been investigated and discussed. However, only few studies in the literature have accentuated on the possible role of the chronic tissue trauma for the de novo development of gynecomastia. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of its onset in such cases remains unclear. The authors report on a case of posttraumatic unilateral progression of preexisting stable gynecomastia. The possible role of a single episode of acute trauma as a trigger mechanism for the new onset of the breast enlargement is discussed. Level of Evidence: Level V, risk/prognostic study.

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“…In one of the patients an interesting phenomenon was observed-a secondary progression of preexisting gynecomastia after an acute trauma of the breast was registered. This case has been reported by the senior author and the team [5]. There were 17 uncomplicated procedures, as represented by the case depicted on Figure 3.…”

“…The surgical technique was the same in all the patients. A combined surgical approach was applied as previously described by the author including suction-assisted liposuction (SAL) and minimally invasive breast tissue reduction [5,10]. A standardized regimen in the post-operatory period was followed: moderate compression with a compression garments was applied which is worn for about 3 to 4 weeks.…”

“…It is estimated that gynecomastiа can be found in аpproximаtely 50% of аll mаlеs, irrеspеctivе of аge аnd undеrlying clinicаl conditions [2]. This medical condition has many idеntifiablе causеs including drugs, metabolic disorders, adrenal and testicular tumors, primary and secondary hypogonadism, hyperthyroidism, and renal diseases among others though most cases arе idiopathic (Table 1) [3][4][5].…”

“…Gynecomastia can be a source of significant anxiety and embarrassment especially in younger males and the surgical treatment is the main approach for correction of this condition [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The aim of the present article is to summarize and put an emphasis on the tips for achieving best results in the surgical treatment of mild to moderate gynecomastia according to the author's preliminary experience.…”

YAG Laser Versus Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction in the Management of Grade II Gynecomastia (Comparative Study)

“…Gynecomastia is defined as a benign enlargement of male breasts with an incidence of 36% that may be unilateral or bilateral [1]. This medical and cosmetic condition has many known causes including medications intake, metabolic disorders, adrenal and testicular tumors, primary and secondary hypogonadism, hyperthyroidism, and renal diseases although most cases are idiopathic [2,3]. Gynecomastia can be a source of significant embarrassment especially in younger males.…”