Post-transplant crown allometry and shoot growth of two species of street trees

The influence of soil temperature and water content on belowground hydraulic conductance and leaf gas exchange in mature trees of three boreal species

“…Soil water content was high throughout the growing season for T. x vulgaris at the urban site, even excessively high, as further increase in soil water content caused k bg to decrease. A similar response in shoot growth was reported previously for the same site and was explained by high groundwater level implying poor soil oxygen availability (Riikonen et al, ). k bg of A. glutinosa growing at the urban site did benefit from higher soil water content similarly to P. sylvestris at the forest site, most likely because soil water content decreased clearly during summer months in both of these cases (Figures and ), indicating that lack of water restricted hydraulic conductance periodically.…”

“…Similarly, shoot growth has been reported to respond positively to increase in soil water content at the A. glutinosa site (Riikonen et al, 2011). Differences in the absolute values in soil water content between the forest site and urban trees, and even between the urban trees, were mainly caused by different soil materials and effectiveness of local drainage at the urban sites (Riikonen et al, 2011). Soil temperature did not have a positive effect on k bg at the T. x vulgaris site, unlike the other two studied cases, indicating that soil temperature F I G U R E 8 Measured canopy conductance ( g s ) for Pinus sylvestris compared with canopy conductance modelled using Equations (8) and (9).…”

“…Similarly, shoot growth has been reported to respond positively to increase in soil water content at the A. glutinosa site (Riikonen et al, 2011). Differences in the absolute values in soil water content between the forest site and urban trees, and even between the urban trees, were mainly caused by different soil materials and effectiveness of local drainage at the urban sites (Riikonen et al, 2011).…”

“…k bg of A. glutinosa growing at the urban site did benefit from higher soil water content similarly to P. sylvestris at the forest site, most likely because soil water content decreased clearly during summer months in both of these cases (Figures and ), indicating that lack of water restricted hydraulic conductance periodically. Similarly, shoot growth has been reported to respond positively to increase in soil water content at the A. glutinosa site (Riikonen et al, ). Differences in the absolute values in soil water content between the forest site and urban trees, and even between the urban trees, were mainly caused by different soil materials and effectiveness of local drainage at the urban sites (Riikonen et al, ).…”

“…The average tree height and breast height diameter in the sites in 2010 were 11 m and 15 cm, respectively for Alnus, and 6 m and 13 cm, respectively for T. x vulgaris. Details of the research sites, soils and street surfacing are given in Riikonen, Lindén, Pulkkinen, and Nikinmaa (2011) and Riikonen, Järvi, and Nikinmaa (2016). Annual precipitation is 680 mm and average air temperature +5 C.…”