Seventeen years’ growth of street trees in structural soil compared with a tree lawn in New York City

Grabosky, Jason; Bassuk, Nina L.

doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2016.02.002

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There are several studies that estimate surface permeability of materials used in urban environment, but most of them are related to stormwater mitigation problem. The following are specifically devoted to tree condition: Volder et al (2009), Morgenroth and Buchan (2009), Johnson et al (2011), Morgenroth et al (2013), Volder et al (2014), Song et al (2015), Mullaney et al (2015c), Grabosky and Bassuk (2016), and Kramer et al (2015). However, since it remains difficult to assess their long-term effects, modeling is a promising direction especially to explore benefits of proposed solutions under different hydroclimatic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecohydrological model for the quantification of ecosystem services provided by urban street trees

Revelli

Porporato

2018

Urban Ecosyst

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Urban green spaces have been recognized as an important source of ecosystem services, whose quantification requires the determination of quantities related to energy, water, carbon and soil nutrient content. In this paper we propose a stochastic ecohydrological model that couples two existing models for water and nutrients in urban soil at the single street-tree scale. The model input are rainfall and irrigation, for water, and deposition and fertilization, for nitrogen, while the output are evapotranspiration, runoff and deep percolation, for water, and plant uptake and leaching, for nitrogen. The various terms are related to the amount of paved and impervious surfaces that surround the tree trunk and regulate the water and nutrient fluxes in and out the soil. Particular attention is paid to the effects of seasonal variations on plant water and nutrients through a temporal variation of the hydrologic variables (i.e., temperature and rainfall intensity and frequencies). The average model outputs are preliminarily compared with the scant existing literature data, supporting the model application to cities with different climatic conditions. The model results are used to estimate the potential for ecosystem services like tree cooling effects, soil carbon sequestration or storm-water management. Because of the minimal structure of the proposed model, it requires a very low amount of data, while accounting for the stochastic input of rainfall. In the context of climate change and increasing urbanization, the model may offer useful indications to urban planners to enhance ecosystem services while minimizing irrigation, fertilization and their related costs. Keywords Ecosystem services • Ecohydrology • Urban green spaces • Street trees • Soil moisture • Nutrients • Soil carbon content • Pervious-impervious surfaces • Seasonality

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecohydrological model for the quantification of ecosystem services provided by urban street trees

Revelli

Porporato

2018

Urban Ecosyst

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“…Suppressed, slender trees are less stable than dominant trees [39]. Additionally, studies of freely growing trees have found smaller trees to be more slender than larger trees [31,32], indicating that slenderness is also related to tree development and not exclusively to its social status within a stand or stand density. For this reason, we also tested the slenderness coefficient with a higher weight on tree height.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each tree, we calculated the slenderness coefficient (height to DBH (HD −1 ) ratio), as it is commonly used to determine tree resistance to loading. However, smaller trees are found to have higher slenderness than taller, older trees when the competition is not a limiting factor [31,32], thus we also tested the effect of quadratic-height to DBH (H 2 D −1 ) ratio as a measure of tree slenderness that considers tree height. Relative snapping height was calculated as a ratio between snapping height and tree height and converted to a percentage.…”

Section: Modeling Of Snapping Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Stem Snapping on Aspen Timber Assortment Recovery in Hemiboreal Forests

Čakša

Šēnhofa

Šņepsts

et al. 2020

Forests

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Post-disturbance salvage logging mitigates economic loss after windthrow, and the value of salvaged timber is strongly linked to its quality and dimensions. We studied the occurrence of wind-induced damage of aspen in the hemiboreal forests of Latvia based on data from the National Forest Inventory and additional measurements. Individual tree data from three re-measurement periods were linked to follow a tree condition (live, broken, uprooted) and to link tree characteristics to a respective snag. Three linear models were developed to assess factors affecting the snapping height. An assortment outcome was calculated for undamaged and salvaged trees using the bucking algorithm, and timber value was calculated at three price levels. Wind-induced damage occurred for 3.4–3.6% of aspen trees, and among these, 45.8–46.6% were broken. The mean height of the broken trees was 27.3 ± 0.9 m, and it was significantly higher (both p < 0.01) compared to the height of undamaged and uprooted trees. The tested models indicated tree height as the main explanatory variable for relative snapping height, with higher trees having a lower point of the stem breakage. The other significant factor was the forest type group, indicating that trees growing on dry mineral soils had lower relative snapping height than trees growing on drained mineral soils. Stem breakage significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the volume of assortments, as compared to the volume of undamaged trees. Relative volume loss of sawlogs showed a logarithmic trend with a steep increase up to snapping height of 6 m, and it correlated tightly (r = 0.83, p < 0.001) with relative value loss of the total stem. Timber value loss had a strong, positive relation to tree diameter at breast height and fluctuated by 0.4% among different price levels. The mean volume reduction was 37.7% for sawlogs, 11.0% for pallet blocks, and 8.9% for technological wood.

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“…First, we tested the commonly used height to DBH ratio (HD -1 ). Considering that under conditions where competition is not a limiting factor trees at a young age naturally tend to have higher slenderness than trees at later development stages (Rust 2014;Grabosky and Bassuk 2016) we also tested the effect of a quadratic-height to DBH ratio (H 2 D -1 ) to put a larger emphasis on tree height. The results revealed only HD -1 to be significant (Table 1), therefore the model using H 2 D -1 was rejected from the analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree- and stand-scale factors shape the probability of wind damage to birch in hemiboreal forests

Kitenberga¹,

Šņepsts²,

Vuguls³

et al. 2021

Silva Fenn.

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Strong wind is the major natural disturbance in European forests, that periodically causes tremendous damages to forestry. Yet, factors that affect the probability of wind damage for birch ( Roth and Ehrh.), the most common deciduous tree species in hemiboreal forests, are studied scarcely. This study aimed to assess the effects of several tree- and stand-scale variables on the probability of wind damage to birch using data from the Latvian National Forest Inventory (2004â2018), and determine individual tree characteristics that affect the height of the stem breakage. The data analysis was done using the Bayesian binary logistic generalized linear mixed-effects model and a linear mixed-effects model. The probability of wind damage significantly increased by stand age, basal area, and slenderness ratio. Trees with prior damage had a significantly higher probability (odds ratio 4.32) for wind damage. For wind-damaged trees, the snapping height was significantly decreased by an increase in the slenderness ratio (â=â0.03) and prior damage (â=â0.003). Previously damaged trees were more frequently (73%) snapped in the lowest 40% of tree height than trees without prior damage (54%). The probability of wind damage is largely set by factors related to the selection of site, species composition, and rotation. The damage probability could be decreased by management measures that lower competition within the stand with particular regard to preserving intact remaining trees during these manipulations. Factors that reduce the probability of the damage simultaneously increase the snapping height, emphasizing their relevance for mitigation of the wind damages.Betula pendulaB. pubescenspp

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Seventeen years’ growth of street trees in structural soil compared with a tree lawn in New York City

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Ecohydrological model for the quantification of ecosystem services provided by urban street trees

Ecohydrological model for the quantification of ecosystem services provided by urban street trees

Effect of Stem Snapping on Aspen Timber Assortment Recovery in Hemiboreal Forests

Tree- and stand-scale factors shape the probability of wind damage to birch in hemiboreal forests

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