Post-stroke depression: frequency, risk factors, and impact on quality of life among 103 stroke patients—hospital-based study

Abstract

Background Post-stroke depression (PSD) has worse functional outcomes and quality of life. Despite the extensive literature on this topic, there is no agreement on the frequency or risk factors for post-stroke depression. Objectives To establish the frequency and risk factors of post-stroke depression and its impact on quality of life. Patients and methods One hundred three stroke patients were recruited from the out-patient clinic of Qena University Hospital who satisfied the WHO definition for stroke, together with a control group of 50 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. A complete history, neurological examination, and CT brain were obtained for each patient. DSM-IV TR criteria were used for diagnosis of depressive disorders which was scored with the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D); Barthel Index (BI), and quality of life were also measured. Results Thirty-eight (36.9%) stroke patients had PSD which was significantly higher than in the normal population (control group 12%). Statistically significant risk factors for PSD included low educational level, low socioeconomic status, smoking, and post-stroke functional impairment. Post-stroke depression has an impact on quality of life. Conclusion Post-stroke depression is a relatively common complication of stroke and can affect the quality of life. Low educational level and socioeconomic status, as well as smoking and functional impairments, were considered as risk factors for the occurrence of post-stroke depression. Early detection of predictors of post-stroke depression may improve the outcome of stroke and prevent the psychiatric consequences.

Post Stroke Depression and Anxiety: Prevalance and Correlates

“…Moderate QOL was predominant in post-stroke depressed patients, whereas severe SAQOL score is seen in PSA patients, consistent to the study conducted by Khedr et al [4] and Tang et al [18], respectively. SAQOL scores of baseline patients were compared with HAM D and HAM A to assess if the degree of decline in QOL patients with depression Sudden occurrence of neurological deficits might cause depression and anxiety in stroke patients.…”

“…Since the identification of PSD and PSA is a significant clinical problem, we evaluated the predictors that indicate patients at risk of developing PSD and PSA which include type of stroke, gender, QOL, etc. Early identification of PSD may improve the stroke outcomes and prevent psychiatric consequences Yihong Fang et al [4].…”

Prevalence, severity and predictors of post-stroke depression in a prospective cohort of Jordanian patients

“…Smoking was a significant predictor of PSD in both our study and the study by Ayasrah et al [15]. It was also a significant predictor of PSD in other studies from our region and other regions [33,34]. It has been suggested that this correlation may be due to vitamin D deficiency in smokers in addition to the dysphoric effects of nicotine abstinence [33,34].…”

Influence of Physical Activity and Socio-Economic Status on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients after Stroke

“…Based on the research carried out in this study, it can be concluded that health state and physical fitness do not affect the severity of the present clinical picture for hemiparesis caused by ischemic stroke, while patients who assess them better, show greater improvement during treatment. However, it is noted that the deterioration of socio-economic conditions, health, and physical fitness is a significant risk factor for depression [12,13,37].…”

“…Indicators of social isolation, poor material, and social situation, and positive medical history in terms of family burden of affective diseases can be treated as relatively wellsubstantiated. Since it is believed that lonesome patients living in poor housing conditions show a higher level of depression and more often stop receiving medical services and rehabilitation treatments [12,13].…”