“…Collagen alignment along the isoelectric point occurred after supplying 20 VDC to the electrochemical cell equipped with a 1 megaohm resistor. Immediately after alignment, aligned collagen threads were incubated at 37 1C in 50 mL of 1X PBS (Uquillas et al, 2011) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) for 6 h. After phosphate incubation, the aligned collagen threads were immersed in 20 mL of pure isopropyl alcohol (Zeugolis et al, 2008b) for 6 h. The threads were then washed with copious amounts of ultrapure water for 20 min. The isopropyl alcohol-free threads were laid over a nonsticking surface and fixed at both ends with tape.…”