“…Our findings also can inform practitioners’ strategies for engaging Black men by impressing upon them the importance of demonstrating a genuine belief that they are not pathological, but are valuable members of society deserving of dignity and respect (Johnson & Johnson, 2010). Finally, our findings suggest that if practitioners desire to effectively serve Black men, they need to acquire training that makes them not only skilled in basic counseling, workforce development, and case management techniques, but also adept at delivering these services in an empathetic, culturally competent manner (Kendrick, Moore, Thomas, Matlock, & Flaskerud, 2009; Perry, Alexander, Moore, & Robinson, 2011). In doing so, practitioners can empower Black men by helping them manage the effects of racism in the forms of either acute, overt events such as being discriminated against and profiled or subtle, but cumulative effects of microaggressions or invisibility.…”