Implicit in much of the fatherhood discourse is the assumption that if fathers want to take an active role in their children's lives, they could and would do so. While research has highlighted the factors associated with fathers' involvement, very few, if any, of these studies have been guided by a theory that accounts for both fathers' involvement intentions and their ability to follow through on those intentions. The theory of planned behavior and its emphasis on attitudes, the beliefs of significant others, and whether one has control over engaging in behavior is a conceptual fit to respond to questions related to the complex nature of paternal involvement. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study, the purpose of this study was to test the utility of the theory of planned behavior in predicting fathers' involvement intentions and reports of involvement. The results revealed that the theory of planned behavior can be useful in examining paternal involvement and should be used in future research to enhance the fatherhood literature.

Mothers are often children's primary caregivers. Fathers have historically been viewed as marginally involved, leaving mothers with a disproportionate share of parenting responsibilities and stress. Although more researchers are examining fathers' roles and behavior within the family, relatively little is known about how their involvement impacts mothers' parenting stress. This study investigated the ways in which fathers' contributions and mothers' perception of them affect maternal parenting stress. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study, hierarchical regression analysis revealed that in addition to mothers' and children's characteristics, the level of perceived emotional parenting support that fathers provided to mothers predicted maternal parenting stress. Implications for family practitioners working with low-income and minority populations are included. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE• Practitioners implementing interventions aimed at reducing maternal parenting stress and the negative parenting associated with it should emphasize the importance of fathers' provision of emotional support.• Researchers can extend their understanding of fathers' involvement by examining their intangible contributions to the family.

Given the recent attention to high-profile cases of unarmed Black men being killed by law enforcement officials and the subsequent #BlackLivesMatter movement, additional work is needed to more fully understand how African American men make meaning of their own personal realities and how they connect with and within the larger narrative of Black life in the United States. To contribute to this literature, the current study analyzes qualitative interview data from 25 Black men focused on their self-conceptions of race, stereotyping, and profiling. The findings reveal the men's perceptions and experiences with racism and stereotyping, the strategies that they employ in response to being stereotyped and profiled, and their reflections on the recent killings of Black men. This research provides an opportunity to investigate how Blackmaleness-the combined impact of their racialized and gendered identitiesconnects and operates in the lives of Black men.Historically, racism has been one of the most prominent American cultural frames and has played a major role in determining how Whites perceive and act toward Blacks 1 (Bell, 1992;Wilson, 2010). Wilson (2010) asserted that racism, an ideology of racial domination, has two key features at its core: (a) beliefs that one's race is either biologically or culturally inferior to another and (b) the use of such beliefs to rationalize or prescribe the way that the "inferior" race should be treated in this society (p. 15).

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Despite only accounting for 6% of the general population, African American males represent nearly 50% of the prison population. To investigate the impact of mass incarceration on African American families, data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being study were analyzed. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of previous incarceration on African American fathers' instrumental and affective involvement with their children, and the extent to which their previous incarceration influences their children's behavior. Results revealed that 51% of the fathers in the sample had been incarcerated by their child's fifth birthday. The results also revealed that these fathers fared worse economically and were less involved with their children. Moreover, the children of previously incarcerated fathers had significantly worse behavioral problems than the children of fathers who had never been incarcerated.