Post‐mortem changes in measurements of some waders

Engelmoer, Meinte; Roselaar, Kees; Boere, Gerard C.; Nieboer, E.

doi:10.1080/03078698.1983.9673814

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…7, 72,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Correction factors, however, have to be determined for each species; they cannot be estimated with accuracy from other species and are affected by the preparation technique ;9' 24, 25, 30, 31 even wings of the same species have been found to shrink differently. 9,22,24,25,27,28,31 Due to this lack of comparability, especially for investigations of geographical variation, museum collections are rarely used by field ornithologists 2 L. Jenni and R. Winkler for comparison with their wing measurements.…”

Section: Wing-length Is Difficult To Measure Reproducibly and To Commentioning

confidence: 99%

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The feather-length of small passerines: a measurement for wing-length in live birds and museum skins

Jenni

Winkler

1989

Bird Study

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Wing-length is difficult to measure reproducibly, and to compare between live birds and museum skins. Recently the length of Primary 8 was suggested as a measure of wing-length in live small passerines; smaller variation was found between observers than in wing-length. This paper examines which feather-length out of Primaries 1 and 6-9 best represents wing-length in 51 passerine species. It was found that Primary 8 represents wing-length best and forms about 75.5% of wing-length irrespective of wing-shape. A formula converting feather-length into wing-length is given and tested on other samples. A new method is presented for reproducibly measuring feather-length in museum skins with several advantages over wing-length. It is shown that, in small passerines, only very small differences in feather-length occur between individuals measured live and later as museum skins.The advantages and difficulties of feather-length measurements are discussed. Feather-length is recommended as a measure of wing-length. W ing-length is the measurement most frequently taken on live or freshly dead birds and on museum skins. It serves as a measure of size in a variety of contexts, for example in analysis of geographical variation and in the distinction of sex and age. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Wing-length is difficult to measure reproducibly in live birds and there are systematic differences between observers. 2' 8' 9 This results in different recommendations (i.e., to measure an unflattened, a flattened, or a flattened and straightened wing s-13). Apart from the potential hazard for a live bird to have its maximum wing-length measured by an inexperienced person, 12 measurements are dependent on the experience of the observer. 14-1e Even measurements taken by experienced persons using the same method may differ significantly between observers,2 14-18 although frequent checks between measurers can result in comparable measurements. 9' 19 Measuring wing-length in skins is even more difficult. Apart from the problems already mentioned, the manner of preparing the skin results in the wings being more or less bent 9 maximum wing-length of a wing sewn on to the body is extremely difficult to measure without damage to the skin.Comparing wing-length measurements from live or freshly dead birds with those from skins and freeze-dried specimens is not possible without correction for shrinkage in museum specimens. 7, 72,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Correction factors, however, have to be determined for each species; they cannot be estimated with accuracy from other species and are affected by the preparation technique ;9' 24, 25, 30, 31 even wings of the same species have been found to shrink differently. 9,22,24,25,27,28,31 Due to this lack of comparability, especially for investigations of geographical variation, museum collections are rarely used by field ornithologists 2 L. Jenni and R. Winkler for comparison with their wing measurements.The same problems32 arise with wing formulae and indices. [33][34][35][36][37][38...

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Section: Wing-length Is Difficult To Measure Reproducibly and To Commentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No more shrinkage occurs after three years. 25,27,28,30,31 All the measurements from live birds and museum specimens were taken by the first author, 91 museum specimens were re-measured by the second author. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The feather-length of small passerines: a measurement for wing-length in live birds and museum skins

Jenni

Winkler

1989

Bird Study

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“…Vrijednost raspona krila ovog istraživanja iznosila je 59,8 cm. Mnogi autori navode vrijednost za prosječnu masu, tako [12,22] iznose podatak od 220 do 420 g, zatim [3] vrijednost 317 g, dok [10] iznose vrijednost od 300 do 350 g.. Prosječna masa istražene populacije kretala se u tim okvirima i iznosi 326,3 g.. U svom istraživanju [5] ukazuje da se na temelju mase ptica močvarica može razlikovat spol, dok [12] iznosi činjenicu da su ženke neznatno veće i u prosjeku 10 g teže od mužjaka, ali ovim istraživanje nije potvrđena ta tvrdnja te spol nije bilo moguće utvrditi na taj način. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju na preklapanje dobivenih podataka sa sličnim istraživanjima provedenih u Europi [3,4,9,12,16].…”

Section: Rezultati I Raspravaunclassified

Body Measurement of Woodcock (Scolopax Rusticola L.) in Central Croatia

Šprem¹,

Safner²,

Uher³

et al. 2010

JCEA

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Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola, Linnaeus 1758) is one of the most prevailing types of the Scalopax species, and presents the important species in the entire biocenosis. Although today the woodcock population is considered stable worldwide, the newest research in biology and concrete guidelines in hunting management are necessary for the future. The reason to start this research was simply this unsufficiently researched population of woodcock which has its habitat in our area. According to the data available from the literature morphological values gathered match. KEY WORDS: woodcock, Scolopax rusticola, morphology, Croatia SAŽETAKŠljuka bena (Scolopax rusticola, Linnaeus 1758.) jedna je od najrasprostranjenijih vrsta iz roda Scolopax i predstavlja vrlo važnu vrstu u cijeloj biocenozi. Danas se populacija šljuka smatra stabilna u svijetu, ali novija saznanja o biologiji te konkretne smjernice u lovnom gospodarenju neophodna su za njenu budućnost. Cilj istraživanja bio je istražiti morfološke osobine šljuke bene i time steći više spoznaja o biologiji. Prema dostupnim podatcima iz literature ustanovljeno je da se dobivene morfološke vrijednosti podudaraju.

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“…Similar differences are found in tarsus-length, which is on average almost 8 mm longer in both males and females than that of Dutch bird skins (not presented in Table 1) reported by Cramp & Simmons 1983 (males: 50.1 ± 1.8 mm, n = 65; females: 51.5 ± 1.7 mm, n = 51). The large difference among the two populations cannot be due to measurements made on skins since it is known that tarsus-length is not affected by shrinking (Engelmoer et al 1983). In the same way, the tarsus of Northern Russia birds is shorter than that of Italian birds (Kandalaksha Bay, Lambeck et al 1995;males: 49.1 ± 1.4 mm, n = 29; females: 50.8 ± 1.8 mm, n = 24).…”

Section: Haematopus Ostralegus Longipesmentioning

confidence: 99%