Post-mortem analysis of failure in polyvinylidene fluoride pipes tested under constant pressure in the slow crack growth regime

Gacougnolle, J.L.; Castagnet, Sylvie; Werth, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2004.10.007

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is an engineering thermoplastic polymer widely used in the specific plastic sectors [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. The nonpolar α -form PVDF has its use well consolidated in structural applications such as flexible pipes for oil and gas exploration [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. PVDF can also be employed as a liner (coating) or inner layer in multilayers thermoplastic pipes or storage tanks dedicated to storage and/or transportation of biofuels, mixtures of biofuels-gasoline and sodium hydroxide solutions (except in critical conditions, i.e., temperature range from 50 to 90 °C and pH of 13.5–14), among others [ 5 , 7 , 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of thermal degradation and lifetime study of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) subjected to bioethanol fuel accelerated aging

Silva

Contreras

Nascimento

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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PVDF was prepared by compression molding, and its phase content/structure was assessed by WAXD, DSC, and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Next, PVDF samples were aged in bioethanol fuel at 60 °C or annealed in the same temperature by 30 ─ 180 days. Then, the influence of aging/annealing on thermal stability, thermal degradation kinetics, and lifetime of the PVDF was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), as well as the structure was again examined. The crystallinity of ~41% (from WAXD) or ~49% (from DSC) were identified for unaged PVDF, without significant changes after aging or annealing. This PVDF presented not only one phase, but a mixture of α -, β - and γ -phases, α - and β -phases with more highlighted vibrational bands. Thermal degradation kinetics was evaluated using the non-isothermal Ozawa–Flynn–Wall method. The activation energy ( E a ) of thermal degradation was calculated for conversion levels of α = 5 ─ 50% at constant heating rates (5, 10, 20, and 40 °C min ─1 ), α = 10% was fixed for lifetime estimation. The results indicated that temperature alone does not affect the material, but its combination with bioethanol reduced the onset temperature and E a of primary thermal degradation. Additionally, the material lifetime decreased until about five decades ( T f = 25 °C and 90 days of exposition) due to the fluid effect after aging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of thermal degradation and lifetime study of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) subjected to bioethanol fuel accelerated aging

Silva

Contreras

Nascimento

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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“…We recall that post-mortem observations of PVDF pipes that failed in this regime have established that the growth of the crack was preceded by the nucleation of cavities below the inner surface [10].…”

Section: Influence Of a Thickness Defect On The Nucleation Of Damage mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(iii) Cavity nucleation and crack initiation are also bound to occur from micro-defects. Heterogeneities such as catalysis particles have been observed in second-generation polyethylene [9] but it is not systematic; for instance, post-mortem scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations in the same PVDF as presently studied did not reveal any similar effect [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Structural effect in the creep behavior of thermoplastic pressure pipes at high temperature – role of geometrical defects

Castagnet

Grandidier

2006

Arch Appl Mech

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Failure mechanisms such as local cavitation observed in crystalline thermoplastics pipes submitted to low constant pressure are likely to be induced by microstructure heterogeneity and time-dependent macroscopic stress fields. This study on poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF) focuses on the latter, simulating the long-term creep behavior of homogeneous viscous pipes with finite-element calculations. Stress and strain distributions are evaluated just after loading and their evolution with time is considered. The hydrostatic stress is analyzed in relation to the onset of cavitation. The detrimental consequences of thickness defects due to extrusion on the onset of cavitation are also established.

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“…This method entails determining the underlying factors of challenges and progress that occurred during the project, as well as suggesting process changes that will aid in reducing potential project risks [101,102]. The PMA was utilized to investigate defects of polyvinylidene fluoride pipes [103], power transformers with temperature transfer on surfaces [104], refractory linings [105] and compression of cast Al-Si alloys [106].…”

Section: Failure Modes Of Wind Turbinementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Failure Modes of Wind Turbine Components

et al. 2021

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To meet the increasing energy demand, renewable energy is considered the best option. Its patronage is being encouraged by both the research and industrial community. The main driving force for most renewable systems is solar energy. It is abundant and pollutant free compared to fossil products. Wind energy is also considered an abundant medium of energy generation and often goes hand in hand with solar energy. The last few decades have seen a sudden surge in wind energy compared to solar energy due to most wind energy systems being cost effective compared to solar energy. Wind turbines are often categorised as large or small depending on their application and energy generation output. Sustainable materials for construction of different parts of wind turbines are being encouraged to lower the cost of the system. The turbine blades and generators perform crucial roles in the overall operation of the turbines; hence, their material composition is very critical. Today, most turbine blades are made up of natural fiber-reinforced polymer (NFRP) as well as glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP). Others are also made from wood and some metallic materials. Each of the materials introduced has specific characteristics that affect the system’s efficiency. This investigation explores the influence of these materials on turbine efficiency. Observations have shown that composites reinforced with nanomaterials have excellent mechanical characteristics. Carbon nanotubes have unique characteristics that may make them valuable in wind turbine blades in the future. It is possible to strengthen carbon nanotubes with various kinds of resins to get a variety of different characteristics. Similarly, the end-of-life treatment methods for composite materials is also presented.

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Post-mortem analysis of failure in polyvinylidene fluoride pipes tested under constant pressure in the slow crack growth regime

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Kinetics of thermal degradation and lifetime study of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) subjected to bioethanol fuel accelerated aging

Kinetics of thermal degradation and lifetime study of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) subjected to bioethanol fuel accelerated aging

Structural effect in the creep behavior of thermoplastic pressure pipes at high temperature – role of geometrical defects

A Review on Failure Modes of Wind Turbine Components

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