Post-extension shortening strains preserved in calcites of the Midcontinent Rift

Craddock, John P.; Pearson, A.; McGovern, Michelle; Moshoian, Andrew; Donnelly, K.

doi:10.1130/0-8137-2312-4.115

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…f 6 samples from Craddock et al (1993). g 6 samples from Craddock et al (1997); 3 amygdule fillings, 3 veins. h Craddock and Moshoian, 1995;Wirth and Vervoort, 1995;Kropf et al, 1993. i …”

Section: Idaho-wyoming Thrust Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of twinned calcite to structural and tectonic problems has been primarily restricted to studies of limestones (e.g., Groshong, 1975;Engelder, 1979a;Spang and Groshong, 1981;Wiltschko et al, 1985;Craddock et al, 1993), calcite veins (e.g., Kilsdonk and Wiltschko, 1988), or, more rarely, marbles (e.g., Craddock et al, 1991). Craddock and Pearson (1994) and Craddock et al (1997) have studied twinning strains in secondary calcite of basalts from DSDP Hole 433C and the Proterozoic Keweenaw rift, respectively. Rowe and Rutter (1990) and Burkhard (1993) have recently reviewed the variety of methods applied to utilizing twinned calcite in a host of geologic environments.…”

Section: Calcite Twinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sevier–Laramide deformation of the continental interior from calcite twinning analysis, west-central North America

Craddock

Pluijm

1999

Tectonophysics

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Paleozoic-Mesozoic carbonates that cover cratonic western North America contain a regional layer-parallel shortening (LPS) fabric that is preserved by mechanically twinned calcite. Shortening directions are generally parallel to the Sevier thrust-transport direction (E-W) in carbonates of the Idaho-Wyoming portion of the thrust belt and within carbonates as far as 2000 km into the plate interior. The inferred calcite twinning differential stress magnitudes generally decrease across the thrust belt, and decrease exponentially away from the orogenic front into the craton. Synorogenic calcite cements and veins preserve a distinct twinning deformation history: in the thrust belt, twinning strains commonly record local, out-of-transport piggyback strain events with high differential stresses (<150 MPa), whereas in Laramide uplifts and adjacent basins as far east as the Black Hills, twinned vein calcite preserves a sub-horizontal, N-S-shortening strain, with differential stress magnitudes that decrease to the east. Deformation of the plate interior during the Sevier orogeny was dominated by E-W contraction at the plate margin, which changed into dominantly oblique contraction (¾N-S shortening) along western North America during the younger, basement-involved Laramide event.

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“…f 6 samples from Craddock et al (1993). g 6 samples from Craddock et al (1997); 3 amygdule fillings, 3 veins. h Craddock and Moshoian, 1995;Wirth and Vervoort, 1995;Kropf et al, 1993. i …”

Section: Idaho-wyoming Thrust Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calcite Twinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sevier–Laramide deformation of the continental interior from calcite twinning analysis, west-central North America

Craddock

Pluijm

1999

Tectonophysics

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“…Inversion via compression of MRS system structures is documented from calcite strain analysis in the Lake Superior Region, ranging in age from Grenvillian-age transpressive strain to Permian age contraction (Craddock et al, 1997). Hauser (1996) also documents Grenville-age inversion on the MRS and crosssections after Eardley (1962) and Jewett & Merriam (1959) show significant deformation in the Cambrian-Mississippian section, overlain by a base Pennsylvanian unconformity.…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture and Lineament Patterns across the Midcontinent Indicate Post-Cretaceous Reactivation of Basement-Involved Faults

Burberry¹,

Swiatlowski²,

Searls³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Reactivation of pre-existing weaknesses in the upper crust can be documented using surface features, and has occurred throughout time and space, particularly in regions where the basement material dates from the Precambrian and has undergone successive deformation events. This study aims to use surface features such as fracture patterns to document evidence of such reactivation in the Paleozoic and Cenozoic of Nebraska and Kansas (units separated by an unconformity in the study area). The most prominent basement features in southeast Nebraska and northeast Kansas are oriented NE-SW, likely related to the midcontinent rift, and oriented NW-SE, likely related to fabrics from the Central Plains Orogen. These features are well defined in the potential fields data. Fracture patterns in the study area show an E-W oriented trend, as well as clearly discernable NE-SW and subsidiary N-S and NW-SE trends. The E-W trend is interpreted to be related to far-field stresses from Laramide and Ancestral Rocky Mountain orogenic events, whilst the NE-SW trend is interpreted to be related to subtle reactivation on the Mid-continent rift and related faults, observed in basement data. These movements produced stresses of sufficient magnitude to produce extensional fractures in the overlying rock units, but not sufficient to generate shear. Similarly, the ~N-S and NW-SE fracture trends are taken as evidence of subtle reactivation on the Nemaha Uplift and Central Plains Orogen systems, generating fractures but not shear movement. This contribution therefore provides a convincing case-study of the value of fracture orientations (that is, surface morphodynamics) in discerning buried tectonic trends and subtle reactivation thereon.

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“…The boundary between the Mississippian and the Pennsylvanian rocks is marked by a regional unconformity, showing widespread uplift of the region in the late Mississippian and early Pennsylvanian (Figure 4; e.g., [48]). Inversion via compression of Mid-Continent Rift System structures is documented from calcite strain analysis in the Lake Superior Region, ranging in age from Grenvillian-age transpressive strain to Permian age contraction [50]. Reference [51] also documents Grenville-age inversion on the Mid-Continent Rift System, and cross-sections after [52] and [36] show significant deformation in the Cambrian-Mississippian section, overlain by a base Pennsylvanian unconformity.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Joint and Lineament Patterns across the Midcontinent Indicate Repeated Reactivation of Basement-Involved Faults

et al. 2018

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Joint networks hosted in successively younger rocks, developing as a result of forced (trishear) folding of a rock mass above a deep-seated fault, can be used to infer the reactivation history of that deep-seated fault. This study aims to use joint networks in Pennsylvanian, Permian and Cretaceous rocks to document evidence of reactivation on basement faults during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic of Nebraska and Kansas. The most prominent basement features in southeast Nebraska and northeast Kansas are oriented NE-SW, likely related to the Midcontinent Rift System and Nemaha Uplift, and oriented NW-SE, likely related to fabrics from the Central Plains Orogeny. These features are well defined in the potential fields data. Joint patterns in the study area show an E-W oriented trend, as well as clearly discernable NE-SW and subsidiary N-S and NW-SE trends. The E-W trend is interpreted to be related to far-field stresses from Laramide and Ancestral Rocky Mountain orogenic events, whilst the NE-SW trend is interpreted to be related to subtle reactivation on the Mid-continent rift and related faults, observed in basement data. These movements produced stresses of sufficient magnitude to produce joints in the post-rift rock units, but not sufficient to generate shear fractures. Similarly, the~N-S and NW-SE joint trends are taken as evidence of subtle reactivation on the Nemaha Uplift and Central Plains Orogeny systems, generating joints by the formation of forced folds. This contribution therefore provides a convincing case study of the value of coupled potential fields and surface feature studies in discerning buried tectonic trends and subtle reactivation thereon.

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Post-extension shortening strains preserved in calcites of the Midcontinent Rift

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Sevier–Laramide deformation of the continental interior from calcite twinning analysis, west-central North America

Sevier–Laramide deformation of the continental interior from calcite twinning analysis, west-central North America

Fracture and Lineament Patterns across the Midcontinent Indicate Post-Cretaceous Reactivation of Basement-Involved Faults

Joint and Lineament Patterns across the Midcontinent Indicate Repeated Reactivation of Basement-Involved Faults

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