Post‐exercise hot water immersion induces heat acclimation and improves endurance exercise performance in the heat

Zurawlew, Michael J.; Walsh, Neil P.; Fortes, Matthew B.; Potter, Claire

doi:10.1111/sms.12638

Cited by 85 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…>38.5°C [Taylor, 2014;Gibson et al 2015]). Previously, another 'passive' technique of HWI post-exercise, has been shown to be effective method of raising and maintaining Tre, to elicit heat adaptation (Zurawlew et al 2015). Therefore, for those undertaking HA, overdressing will help to quickly raise body temperature and we highlight the potential to follow physical exertion with HWI to minimise the exercise requirement of HA, although further research is required to support this.…”

Section: Practical Application and Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…resting in hot-dry or hot-humid conditions) (Armstrong and Kenney 1993; Racinais et al 2016;Pallubinsky et al 2017), or by implementing thermal exposures, such as hot water immersion (HWI) (Zurawlew et al 2015;Ruddock et al 2016), or sauna post-exercise (Scoon et al 2007), the most common and potentially most potent HA methods require exercise-heat stress (Racinais et al 2015). A variety of HA protocols have been published ranging in durations of 4-20 days, utilising prolonged exposures (30-120-mins) typically in hot-dry or hot-humid conditions (~40°C, 40% relative humidity [RH]) (Tyler et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and perceptual responses to exercising in restrictive heat loss attire with use of an upper-body sauna suit in temperate and hot conditions

et al. 2018

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The aim of this experiment was to quantify physiological and perceptual responses to exercise with and without restrictive heat loss attire in hot and temperate conditions. ). Thermal sensation and perceived exertion were greater (P<0.05) in TEMPSUIT (5.8±0.5 and 14±1), HOT (6.4±0.5 and 15±1) and HOTSUIT (7.1±0.5 and 16±1) than TEMP (5.3±0.5 and 14±1).Exercising in an upper-body sauna suit within temperate conditions induces a greater physiological strain and evokes larger sweat losses compared to exercising in the same conditions, without restricting heat loss. In hot conditions, wearing a sauna suit increases physiological and perceptual strain further, which may accelerate the stimuli for heat adaptation and improve HA efficiency.

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Section: Practical Application and Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and perceptual responses to exercising in restrictive heat loss attire with use of an upper-body sauna suit in temperate and hot conditions

et al. 2018

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“…While exercise-heat exposure during the taper may help maintain the benefits of heat acclimation, it may also interfere with the goal to reduce the overall training load. Passive heat exposure (e.g., sauna or hot bath) following a training session in a cool climate (Stanley et al, 2015;Zurawlew et al, 2016) may thus be preferred during the taper. Given the risk of losing some of the exercise adaptations, maintaining some "easy" exercise sessions in the heat during the taper period may help to better maintain adaptations prior to competing in the heat.…”

Section: Periodization Of Heat Training Within a Seasonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Special Environments: Altitude and Heat

Saunders

Garvican-Lewis

Chapman

et al. 2019

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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High-level athletes are always looking at ways to maximize training adaptations for competition performance, and using altered environmental conditions to achieve this outcome has become increasingly popular by elite athletes. Furthermore, a series of potential nutrition and hydration interventions may also optimize the adaptation to altered environments. Altitude training was first used to prepare for competition at altitude, and it still is today; however, more often now, elite athletes embark on a series of altitude training camps to try to improve sea-level performance. Similarly, the use of heat acclimation/acclimatization to optimize performance in hot/humid environmental conditions is a common practice by high-level athletes and is well supported in the scientific literature. More recently, the use of heat training to improve exercise capacity in temperate environments has been investigated and appears to have positive outcomes. This consensus statement will detail the use of both heat and altitude training interventions to optimize performance capacities in elite athletes in both normal environmental conditions and extreme conditions (hot and/or high), with a focus on the importance of nutritional strategies required in these extreme environmental conditions to maximize adaptations conducive to competitive performance enhancement.

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“…Both cohorts were clearly orthostatically stressed in the heat bouts, but drinking was discouraged in Scoon et al, 95 whereas participants in Creasy et al 117 drank more fluid than they lost in the sauna. Heat stress after training was also employed by Zurawlew et al 118 but using hot-water immersion and a between-subjects design. They observed an increase in 5-km time trial performance in hot (33˚C), but not temperate (18˚C) conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress and dehydration in adapting for performance: Good, bad, both, or neither?

et al. 2016

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Physiological systems respond acutely to stress to minimize homeostatic disturbance, and typically adapt to chronic stress to enhance tolerance to that or a related stressor. It is legitimate to ask whether dehydration is a valuable stressor in stimulating adaptation per se. While hypoxia has had long-standing interest by athletes and researchers as an ergogenic aid, heat and nutritional stressors have had little interest until the past decade. Heat and dehydration are highly interlinked in their causation and the physiological strain they induce, so their individual roles in adaptation are difficult to delineate. The effectiveness of heat acclimation as an ergogenic aid remains unclear for team sport and endurance athletes despite several recent studies on this topic. Very few studies have examined the potential ergogenic (or ergolytic) adaptations to ecologically-valid dehydration as a stressor in its own right, despite longstanding evidence of relevant fluid-regulatory adaptations from short-term hypohydration. Transient and self-limiting dehydration (e.g., as constrained by thirst), as with most forms of stress, might have a time and a place in physiological or behavioral adaptations independently or by exacerbating other stressors (esp. heat); it cannot be dismissed without the appropriate evidence. The present review did not identify such evidence. Future research should identify how the magnitude and timing of dehydration might augment or interfere with the adaptive processes in behaviorally constrained versus unconstrained humans.

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Post‐exercise hot water immersion induces heat acclimation and improves endurance exercise performance in the heat

Cited by 85 publications

References 41 publications

Physiological and perceptual responses to exercising in restrictive heat loss attire with use of an upper-body sauna suit in temperate and hot conditions

Physiological and perceptual responses to exercising in restrictive heat loss attire with use of an upper-body sauna suit in temperate and hot conditions

Special Environments: Altitude and Heat

Heat stress and dehydration in adapting for performance: Good, bad, both, or neither?

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