Post-event processing in social anxiety disorder after real-life social situations – An ambulatory assessment study

Helbig-Lang, Sylvia; Auer, Maxie von; Neubauer, Katharina; Murray, E. Neil; Gerlach, Alexander L.

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.003

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Dijk et al, 2009;Kashdan & Savostyanova, 2011;Voncken & Bögels, 2008), socially anxious individuals mainly seem to suffer from a cognitive bias, namely a generalized underconfidence in their social performance, which extends to the recognition of emotional facial expressions. This underconfidence might arise from a negatively biased post-even processing of social situations which has been more frequently observed and shown to be positively related to social anxiety (symptoms) in highly socially anxious individuals (Dannahy & Stopa, 2007) as well as individuals with an SAD diagnosis (Helbig-Lang et al, 2016). Crucially, while being detrimental to social functioning, individuals with SAD have been found to hold more positive metacognitive beliefs about post-event processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial mimicry and metacognitive judgments in emotion recognition – modulated by social anxiety and autistic traits?

Folz¹,

Akdağ²,

Nikolić³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Both individuals with social anxiety disorder and individuals with autism spectrum disorder show alterations in the perception of others’ emotional facial expressions. Additionally, mimicry of an observed expression as well as the assessment of one’s own performance, i.e. metacognition, may be altered in these individuals. Using a non-clinical sample (N=57), we examined whether emotion recognition is linked to facial mimicry and confidence in one’s performance, as well as potential alterations in this link associated with social anxiety and autistic traits. While participants were presented with videos of spontaneous emotional facial expressions, we measured their facial muscle activity, and asked them to label the expressions and indicate their confidence levels in accurately labelling the expressions. Our results showed that confidence in emotion recognition was lower with higher social anxiety trait levels even though actual recognition was not related to social anxiety trait levels. Higher autistic trait levels, in contrast, were associated with worse recognition as well as a weakened link between performance and facial mimicry. Consequently, social anxiety might not affect emotion recognition itself but the top-down evaluation in an emotion recognition context, whereas individuals with autism may integrate information promoting emotion recognition, i.e. sensorimotor simulations, to a lesser degree.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial mimicry and metacognitive judgments in emotion recognition – modulated by social anxiety and autistic traits?

Folz¹,

Akdağ²,

Nikolić³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Third, safety behaviors used in social situations eventually lead to escaping from these situations, and thus, social anxiety symptoms persist because afflicted individuals do not experience a decrease in anxiety over time ( Clark and Wells, 1995 ; Wells et al, 1995 ; McManus et al, 2008 ). Lastly, using safety behaviors in social situations is likely to induce post-event processing (PEP; Helbig-Lang et al, 2016 ; Piccirillo et al, 2016 ; Carnahan et al, 2020 ). PEP is an information processing method that monitors the negative self-perception and reactions of others in detail after a social situation ( Hofmann, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between three subtypes of safety behaviors and social anxiety: Serial mediating effects of state and trait post-event processing

2022

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The cognitive model for social anxiety disorder (SAD) highlights the role of safety behaviors and post-event processing (PEP). We identify the serial mediating effect of state and trait PEP between three types of safety behaviors (impression management, avoidance behavior, and anxiety-symptom control) and social anxiety. Given that the associations between the three subtypes of safety behaviors and two perspectives of PEP have not yet been examined, we aimed to investigate these relationships according to the level of social anxiety. A total of 487 participants participated in an online survey. Participants were classified into two groups, high and low, based on their social anxiety scores. We used Social Behavior Questionnaire to distinguish three types of safety behaviors and the State and Trait versions of the Post-Event Processing Inventory to identify two perspectives of PEP. We used descriptive statistics and an independent t-test to compare the high and low social anxiety groups. Mediation effects were examined using mediation analysis and bootstrapping with 5,000 replications. The results showed that the three safety behaviors had different effects on social anxiety via PEP. In the high social anxiety group, avoidance behavior and anxiety-symptom control predicted social anxiety positively, whereas impression management did not. However, with state PEP and trait PEP as mediators, impression management and avoidance behavior positively predicted social anxiety but not anxiety-symptom control. In the low social anxiety group, only avoidance behavior was significantly related to social anxiety, but when the state and trait PEP were mediated, the effect disappeared. These results indicated that impression management could affect social anxiety only when mediated by PEP in people with high social anxiety. A better understanding of the content and processes underpinning safety behavior and PEPs might have important implications for the prevention and treatment of social anxiety disorder.

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“…Experience sampling method (ESM) as a data collection strategy that is anchored in daily life has proven to bypass these limitations ( Fahrenberg et al, 2007 ). While PEP in SP has successfully been investigated in everyday life ( Badra et al, 2017 ; Helbig-Lang et al, 2016 ), no study to date has used ESM to explore whether PEP is a transdiagnostic phenomenon occurring in MDD as well. The findings could advance the understanding of the genesis, the predecessors and the clinical specificity of PEP, and shine light on its natural occurrence in everyday life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-event processing after embarrassing situations: Comparing experience sampling data of depressed and socially anxious individuals

Čolić

Latysheva

Bassett

et al. 2020

Clin. Psychol. Eur.

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Background Post-event processing (PEP) after social interactions (SIs) contributes to the persistence of social phobia (SP). This study investigated whether PEP as a transdiagnostic process also occurs in major depressive disorder (MDD) and controls. We also tested to what extent PEP was explained by trait levels of social anxiety (SA) or depression. Method For seven days, a total of n = 165 patients (n = 47 SP, n = 118 MDD) and n = 119 controls completed five surveys per day on their smartphones. Event-based experience sampling was used. PEP was assessed following subjective embarrassment in SIs with two reliable items from the Post-Event Processing Questionnaire. Data were analysed via multilevel regression analyses. Results Individuals with SP or MDD experienced more embarrassing SIs than controls and, accordingly, more PEP. The relative frequency of PEP after embarrassing SIs was equally high in all groups (86-96%). The groups did not differ regarding the amount of time PEP was experienced. After controlling trait depression, embarrassment occurred more frequently only in SP compared to controls. When controlling trait SA, between-group differences in indications of embarrassment, and consequently in PEP, dissipated. Conclusions PEP could be interpreted as a common coping strategy among all individuals, while more frequent embarrassment might be specific for clinical groups. Embarrassment was primarily driven by SA. The alleviation of SA could lead to the reduction of embarrassment and, further, of PEP. On this basis, a model describing PEP in MDD is proposed, while current models of PEP in SP are complemented.

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Post-event processing in social anxiety disorder after real-life social situations – An ambulatory assessment study

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Facial mimicry and metacognitive judgments in emotion recognition – modulated by social anxiety and autistic traits?

Facial mimicry and metacognitive judgments in emotion recognition – modulated by social anxiety and autistic traits?

The relationship between three subtypes of safety behaviors and social anxiety: Serial mediating effects of state and trait post-event processing

Post-event processing after embarrassing situations: Comparing experience sampling data of depressed and socially anxious individuals

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