Post-earthquake Damage Simulation of Two Colonial Unreinforced Clay Brick Masonry Buildings Using the Equivalent Frame Approach

Marino, Salvatore; Cattari, Serena; Lagomarsino, Sergio; Dizhur, Dmytro; Ingham, Jason

doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2019.01.010

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It affects both the elastic field, since it alters the actual deformability of the wall due to the simplification of introducing rigid nodes, and the nonlinear phase of the response, since the regions where the cracks and nonlinearity are likely to develop are assumed a priori. Despite these simplifications, this approach is one of the most spread both in engineering practice and at the research level thanks to its computational efficiency in performing nonlinear analyses (e.g., in [48]) and its reasonable accuracy, as proven by various numerical simulations in the literature (e.g., in [49,50]). In the examined case, performing a complete model of the whole aggregate with other approaches, such as FEM, would have been almost unfeasible.…”

Section: Results Of Out-of-plane Seismic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Modelling Approaches for the Seismic Assessment of Complex URM Buildings: The Podestà Palace in Mantua, Italy

et al. 2021

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This study investigated seismic assessments of the Podestà Palace in Mantua (Italy). This masonry palace has a complex geometrical configuration that resulted from the addition of various units stratified over centuries. This feature makes seismic assessment challenging from a modelling perspective due to the interaction among units. Here, an integrated use of three modelling strategies characterised by a different computational effort and degree of accuracy was employed: (i) the Structural Element Model, according to the Equivalent Frame Approach, to study the global response of the whole structure and to estimate the mutual dynamic interactions among units; (ii) the Macro-Block Model, to assess the out-of-plane response of facades prone to the activation of local mechanisms; and (iii) the Finite Element Model, to deepen the seismic response of some critical parts, highlighted by a global analysis but also roughly described by the Equivalent Frame Model. This integrated approach consists in the use of results achieved from one modelling approach as input for another. For example, the floor spectra estimated by (i) were used to define the seismic input in (ii); for assessing the most critical portions, more accurate models were addressed (as in case (iii)). The comprehensive interpretation of the seismic behaviour obtained by these models also allowed us to address more rationally possible strengthening solutions, such as the in-plane stiffening of vaults (particularly spread in the building), aimed to guarantee a better redistribution of seismic actions in such a complex building.

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Section: Results Of Out-of-plane Seismic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Modelling Approaches for the Seismic Assessment of Complex URM Buildings: The Podestà Palace in Mantua, Italy

et al. 2021

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“…An equivalent frame (EF) computer package, Tremuri (Lagomarsino et al 2013) was used to analyse four URM building models represented by the plan dimensions shown in Figure 2. The computer program has been shown to be capable of modelling inelastic behaviour of regular masonry buildings (see Nakamura et al 2016;Marino et al 2019). Buildings 1-A and 1-B were one-storey with different plans and wall opening arrangements.…”

Section: Empirical Data On Diaphragm Flexiblity Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of Height Amplification Factors for Seismic Assessment of Existing Unreinforced Masonry Components

Derakhshan

Nakamura

Griffith

et al. 2020

Journal of Earthquake Engineering

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“…In URM building global response assessment, simplified methods have a time/effort efficiency advantage over more detailed continuum‐based finite element (FE) analyses. The state‐of‐the‐art simplified method can be considered to be an “equivalent frame” (EF) method, which has the limitation of being suitable only for “frame‐type” masonry buildings (Marino et al ). Another limitation is that the restraint provided by the out‐of‐plane loaded walls both to the horizontal diaphragms and to the in‐plane loaded walls have been commonly ignored in the related computer packages.…”

Section: Uncertainty In Seismic Demand Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic fragility assessment of nonstructural components in unreinforced clay brick masonry buildings

Derakhshan

Walsh

Ingham

et al. 2019

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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The results of an investigation of the probability of earthquake damage to nonstructural unreinforced masonry (URM) components are presented. The components include parapets, chimneys, and out-of-plane loaded facades typical of low-rise pre-1940 construction in Australia and New Zealand. The study is based on a street survey of component geometry, in situ data on material strength, and simplified mechanical models. Uncertainties in capacity and demand were quantified based on, respectively, stochastic and deterministic approaches. The damage probabilities were compared with relevant guidelines and empirical damage data from three earthquakes. The study established a link between the qualitative damage states reported in existing guidelines and the quantitative URM component damage states. While some median damage state thresholds correlated well with the data from the guidelines, a larger dispersion value was found in the current study due to the large variations in component properties. Comparisons with empirical data suggest that the developed fragility data provide a realistic estimate of nonstructural component damage that occurred in similar buildings, with a reasonable level of conservatism. The outcome is useful in rapid assessment of the seismic risks due to nonstructural component collapse in URM precincts. K E Y W O R D Schimney, clay brick, HAZUS, nonstructural, parapet, seismic risk, rapid assessment, unreinforced masonry

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Post-earthquake Damage Simulation of Two Colonial Unreinforced Clay Brick Masonry Buildings Using the Equivalent Frame Approach

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Integration of Modelling Approaches for the Seismic Assessment of Complex URM Buildings: The Podestà Palace in Mantua, Italy

Integration of Modelling Approaches for the Seismic Assessment of Complex URM Buildings: The Podestà Palace in Mantua, Italy

Suitability of Height Amplification Factors for Seismic Assessment of Existing Unreinforced Masonry Components

Seismic fragility assessment of nonstructural components in unreinforced clay brick masonry buildings

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