Post-Disaster Malaria in Costa Rica

Saenz, R.; Bissell, Richard A.; Paniagua, Francisco

doi:10.1017/s1049023x00041935

Cited by 54 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…WHO found that the flooding in the Dominican Republic in 2004 led to malaria outbreaks [34]. For other countries, flooding has also been associated with changes in habitat that were beneficial for breeding and preceded an extreme rise in malaria cases [43]–[46]. Additionally, periodic flooding linked to El Niño has been associated with malaria epidemics in Peru, Bolivia and the USA [47]–[49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mixed Method to Evaluate Burden of Malaria Due to Flooding and Waterlogging in Mengcheng County, China: A Case Study

Ding

Gao

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundMalaria is a highly climate-sensitive vector-borne infectious disease that still represents a significant public health problem in Huaihe River Basin. However, little comprehensive information about the burden of malaria caused by flooding and waterlogging is available from this region. This study aims to quantitatively assess the impact of flooding and waterlogging on the burden of malaria in a county of Anhui Province, China.MethodsA mixed method evaluation was conducted. A case-crossover study was firstly performed to evaluate the relationship between daily number of cases of malaria and flooding and waterlogging from May to October 2007 in Mengcheng County, China. Stratified Cox models were used to examine the lagged time and hazard ratios (HRs) of the risk of flooding and waterlogging on malaria. Years lived with disability (YLDs) of malaria attributable to flooding and waterlogging were then estimated based on the WHO framework of calculating potential impact fraction in the Global Burden of Disease study.ResultsA total of 3683 malaria were notified during the study period. The strongest effect was shown with a 25-day lag for flooding and a 7-day lag for waterlogging. Multivariable analysis showed that an increased risk of malaria was significantly associated with flooding alone [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.467, 95% CI = 1.257, 1.713], waterlogging alone (AHR = 1.879, 95% CI = 1.696, 2.121), and flooding and waterlogging together (AHR = 2.926, 95% CI = 2.576, 3.325). YLDs per 1000 of malaria attributable to flooding alone, waterlogging alone and flooding and waterlogging together were 0.009 per day, 0.019 per day and 0.022 per day, respectively.ConclusionFlooding and waterlogging can lead to higher burden of malaria in the study area. Public health action should be taken to avoid and control a potential risk of malaria epidemics after these two weather disasters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mixed Method to Evaluate Burden of Malaria Due to Flooding and Waterlogging in Mengcheng County, China: A Case Study

Ding

Gao

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Outbreaks of malaria were associated with changes in habitat after the 1991 floods in Costa Rica's Atlantic region (Saenz et al 1995).…”

Section: Central and South Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood risk and climate change: global and regional perspectives

Kundzewicz

Kanae

Seneviratne

et al. 2013

Hydrological Sciences Journal

1,112

570

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A holistic perspective on changing rainfall-driven flood risk is provided for the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Economic losses from floods have greatly increased, principally driven by the expanding exposure of assets at risk. It has not been possible to attribute rain-generated peak streamflow trends to anthropogenic climate change over the past several decades. Projected increases in the frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall, based on climate models, should contribute to increases in precipitation-generated local flooding (e.g. flash flooding and urban flooding). This article assesses the literature included in the IPCC SREX report and new literature published since, and includes an assessment of changes in flood risk in seven of the regions considered in the recent IPCC SREX report-Africa, Asia, Central and South America, Europe, North America, Oceania and Polar regions. Also considering newer publications, this article is consistent with the recent IPCC SREX assessment finding that the impacts of climate change on flood characteristics are highly sensitive to the detailed nature of Le risque d'inondation et les perspectives de changement climatique mondial et régionalRésumé Cet article trace une perspective globale de l'évolution des risques d'inondation d'origine pluviale pour la fin du 20ème et le début du 21ème siècle. Les pertes économiques dues aux inondations ont fortement augmenté, principalement en raison de l'exposition croissante des actifs à risque. Il n'a pas été possible d'attribuer les tendances de débits de pointe au changement climatique d'origine anthropique au cours des dernières décennies. Les augmentations prévues de la fréquence et de l'intensité des précipitations extrêmes, basées sur des modèles climatiques, devraient contribuer à une augmentation des inondations locales (par exemple, des crues éclairs et des inondations en milieu urbain) provoquées par les pluies. Nous avons évalué la littérature incluse dans le rapport SREX du GIEC et celle qui a été publiée depuis, afin d'estimer l'évolution des risques d'inondation dans les sept régions considérées dans le rapport récent du SREX du GIEC, à savoir l'Afrique, l'Asie, l'Amérique centrale et du Sud, l'Europe, l'Amérique du Nord, l'Océanie et les régions polaires. Tenant compte des publications les plus récentes, le présent article rejoint la récente évaluation SREX du GIEC selon laquelle les impacts du changement climatique sur les caractéristiques des crues sont très sensibles aux détails de ces changements, et qu'à l'heure actuelle nous ne pouvons avoir qu'une confiance limitée dans les projections numériques de l'évolution de l'amplitude ou de la fréquence des inondations résultant du changement climatique.

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“…The changed living condition, environmental ecosystem, and human behaviors during flood events may increase the incidence of vector-borne infectious diseases. 8,17,18,23 Natural systems and environmental health are damaged during the flood. 45 In that mosquitoes and pathogens are sensitive to external moisture levels and temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of the transmission mechanism of infectious diseases and findings from previous research, floods mainly affect vector-borne, 14,15 waterborne, 14 and rodent-borne diseases. 16 This study examined these three types of infectious diseases regarding their relationship to the flood event, including malaria, [17][18][19] 21 hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, typhoid and paratyphoid, 22 schistosomiasis, cholera, leptospirosis, [23][24][25] Japanese encephalitis, 26 pestis, and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%