Identifying Flood-Related Infectious Diseases in Anhui Province, China: A Spatial and Temporal Analysis

Abstract

Special attention should be given to develop public health preparation and interventions with a focus on malaria, diarrhea, and HAV infection, in the study region.

Impact of climate change on dermatological conditions related to flooding: update from the International Society of Dermatology Climate Change Committee

“…Dengue infection manifests as fever, headache, retroorbital pain, severe bone pain, nausea, and petechial lesions. Other viral infections such as hepatitis A also showed association with flooding and tsunami …”

“…Cases of malaria were observed after flooding in China, Uganda and Pakistan . This post‐flooding period is notorious for malaria outbreak because of damaged environmental ecosystem, increased population of mosquitoes, and altered human behavior and living condition.…”

“…However, they may add oxygen content and nutrition to the river resulting in an increased population of larvae, maturation, density, and biting activity of adult vectors . Similar effects are also seen on mosquitoes where standing water as a result of river overflow provides new breeding places, allowing an increased population of mosquitoes . Bites from mosquitoes and flies carry consequences of insect‐borne illnesses such as malaria, dengue, and leishmaniasis .…”

“…40,41 Viral infections associated with contamination of drinking water and food and proliferation of insect breeding sites also showed an increase in incidence with flooding. 27,42 Dengue fever transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes displayed an increased number of cases after flooding in India and Pakistan. 1,43 Dengue infection manifests as fever, headache, retroorbital pain, severe bone pain, nausea, and petechial lesions.…”

Climate Change–Related Water Disasters’ Impact on Population Health

“…Increases in water temperature, precipitation frequency and severity, evaporation–transpiration rates, persistent humidity, and changes in coastal ecosystems increase the incidence of water contamination with harmful pathogens and chemicals, resulting in increased human exposure and waterborne disease (Ahmed, Scholz, Al‐Faraj, & Niaz, ; Alderman, Turner, & Tong, ; Davies et al., ; De Man et al., ; Dura et al., ; Gao, Zhang, Ding, Liu, & Jiang, ; Kang et al., ; Lin, Wade, & Hilborn, ; Phung et al., ; Wade, Lin, Jagai, & Hilborn, ). Flooding events in particular increased the incidence of the following three diseases: hepatitis A virus (Gao, Zhang, Ding, Liu, & Jiang, , Gao, Zhang, Ding, Liu, Wang, & Jiang, ), bacillary dysentery (Liu, Liu, Zhang, & Jiang, ; Liu, Li, et al., ; Lin, Wade, & Hilborn, ; Ni, Ding, Li, Li, & Jiang, ; Ni, Ding, Li, Li, Liu, & Jiang, ; Zhang, Ding, Liu, Zhang, & Jiang, ), and Campylobacter (Soneja et al., ).…”