Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Clinical Manifestations: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic health problem which causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and considerable mortality rates. Unfortunately, recovered patients who survive COVID-19 may continue to report wide varieties of clinical manifestations of multisystem affection such as fatigue, dyspnea, myalgia, anxiety, depression, acute myocardial infarction, peripheral and pulmonary embolisms. Objective: We aimed to assess the prevalence of post-COVID-19 manifestations. Methods: We conducted a systematic review on post COVID-19 manifestations by searching Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), EBSCO, Wily, and World health organization (WHO) databases. Screening, selection, data extraction, data synthesis and quality assessment were done by two independent reviewers. Results: Of 1,371 references, 817 references remained after duplicates, reviews; case reports, commentaries, and any article containing non-original information were removed. According to eligibility criteria for this systematic review, 12 studies were included for qualitative synthesis. The overall prevalence of post-COVID-19 manifestations ranged from 35% to 90.5%. Fatigue, dyspnea, neuropsychological disorders, and pain were the most frequent post COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusion: This systematic review showed that 35% to 90.5% of recovered patients who survive COVID-19 continue to have wide varieties of clinical manifestations and fatigue, dyspnea, neuropsychological disorders, and pain were the most frequent post COVID-19 symptoms.

Acute bone loss following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in mice

“…Clinically, 14.9% of all acute COVID‐19 patients reported joint pain during viral infection including nonsevere (14.5%) and severe (17.3%) cases 19 . In addition, 35%–90.5% of recovered patients who survive COVID‐19 continue to have a wide variety of clinical manifestations, 20 including joint pain (31.4%) 21 and reactive arthritis 22 . COVID‐19 patients requiring intensive care had significantly lower bone mineral density than those who were managed in nonintensive care settings 23 .…”

Gastrointestinal disorders in post-COVID syndrome. Clinical guidelines

“…В систематический обзор и метаанализ (2022) было включено 12 исследований (4664 выздоровевших пациентов). Общая распространенность проявлений пост-COVID-19 колебалась от 35% до 90,5% [77].…”

“…Систематический обзор (Abdel-Gawad M. et al, 2022) показал, что от 35% до 90,5% пациентов, перенесших COVID-19, имеют широкий спектр клинических проявлений, наиболее частыми из них являются: утомляемость, одышка, нейропсихические расстройства и боль [77].…”

Self-reported long COVID-19 symptoms are rare among vaccinated healthcare workers

“…Long-term outcomes of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been estimated to be 9–63% and the prevalence is up to 6–times higher than other post-viral conditions [5] . Those patients with post-COVID may have a diverse spectrum of symptoms affecting any organ with a prevalence of 35–90.5% [6] . The most common symptoms were: fatigue, dyspnea, neuropsychological disorders, and pain [6] .…”

“…Those patients with post-COVID may have a diverse spectrum of symptoms affecting any organ with a prevalence of 35–90.5% [6] . The most common symptoms were: fatigue, dyspnea, neuropsychological disorders, and pain [6] . Al-Oraibi et al presented a protocol of meta-analysis to examine the prevalence of long COVID-19 among HCWs [7] .…”