Post–COVID-19 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in a 17-Month-Old

McLendon, Loren A.; Rao, Chethan K; Hora, Cintia Carla Da; Islamovic, Florinda; Galán, Fernando

doi:10.1542/peds.2020-049678

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…ADEM, a form of autoimmune encephalitis, is an immune-mediated, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that can affect children and young adults after infections or immunizations [68] and was reported in two cases [31,32] in the present review. The mean age of onset is between 3.6 and 7 years, without differences in sex [69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…There were seven case series [10,[13][14][15][16][48][49][50], 23 case reports [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][28][29][30][31][32][34][35][36][37][38][40][41][42][43]52], and the rest were letters to the editor, brief reports, and a scientific letter. Two studies were international [15,16], twenty studies were from the USA [13,[17][18][19][20]24,[28][29][30]32,33,35,[37][38][39]41,47,48,…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age of the children ranged from 24-h to 17-years old. From the 159 patients, 38 were reported with some type of cerebrovascular disease [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], 32 with different types of encephalitis [13][14][15][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], 22 with encephalopathy [10,13,24,25], and 10 patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome [13,14,[42][43][44]. Sixty-five out of 159 patients with severe neurological manifestations, were reported with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) [10,12,[14][15][16][17]23,32,45,50,[52][53][54] (Table 1).…”

Section: Patient Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The patient had partial recovery of the neurological symptoms after 60 days. In the United States of America, McLendon et al 2021, [32] reported a 17-month-old girl who started with fatigue and progressively worsening weakness and unsteady gait. Her neurological examination showed multiple neurological focal symptoms, including rigidity of the left upper extremity and paresis of the right upper extremity.…”

Section: Encephalopathy Encephalitis and Encephalomyelitismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Systematic Review of Severe Neurological Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Coexisting SARS-CoV-2 Infection

O'Loughlin

Toledo

Budrie

et al. 2021

Neurology International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SARS-CoV-2 infection in children produces mild respiratory symptoms or no symptoms at all in most cases. Some pediatric patients develop a severe complication associated with high mortality, the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). In both scenarios, there are reports of neurological manifestations. This article aims to review the cases of pediatric patients with severe neurological issues and a coexisting positive SARS-CoV-2 test. A literature search was performed between March 2020 and May 2021. The results included the data from 41 studies, with 159 children with severe neurological manifestations, within an age range from 24 h to 17 years. The neurological disorders included 38 cases with stroke, 32 with encephalitis, 22 with encephalopathy, and 10 with Guillain–Barre syndrome. Sixty-five out of 159 cases with severe neurological manifestations were diagnosed with MIS-C. Direct neuroinvasion and the exaggerated immune response in some patients seem to be the most critical factors triggering these manifestations. Further research in the ongoing pandemic is needed to elucidate the precise mechanism.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Patient Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Encephalopathy Encephalitis and Encephalomyelitismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Systematic Review of Severe Neurological Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Coexisting SARS-CoV-2 Infection

O'Loughlin

Toledo

Budrie

et al. 2021

Neurology International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Children with severe COVID-19 may develop neurologic manifestations (up to 22% among 1695 hospitalized children and adolescents) ( 32 ), and occasionally acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ( 33 ), acute transverse myelitis ( 8 ), respiratory failure ( 31 ), myocarditis ( 34 ), shock ( 31 ), ocular symptoms ( 35 , 36 ) acute renal failure ( 37 ), and multi-organ system failure ( 31 ). In the large series of 1695 hospitalized children and adolescents with COVID-19, neurologic involvement occurred was significantly more frequent among patients with underlying neurologic disorders ( 32 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Children: Where do we Stand?

Nikolopoulou

Maltezou

2022

Archives of Medical Research

175

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

From the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic it became evident that children infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain mostly asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. We reviewed the epidemiologic and clinical features of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The true prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is most likely underestimated, as asymptomatic children are less frequently tested. Serologic surveys indicate that half of children tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 report no symptoms. Anosmia/ageusia is not frequent in children but it is the strongest predictor of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In general, children with COVID-19 are at lower risk of hospitalization and life-threatening complications. Nevertheless, cases of severe disease or a post-infectious multisystem hyperinflammatory syndrome named multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have been described. Rarely children with severe COVID-19 develop neurologic complications. In addition, studies indicate that school closures have a limited impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, much less than other social distancing measures. The past months new SARS-CoV-2 variants emerged with higher transmissibility and an increased impact on morbidity and deaths. The role of children in the transmission dynamics of these variants must be elucidated. Lastly, preliminary results from COVID-19 vaccine trials indicate very good efficacy and tolerability in children. Very recently the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other public health authorities recommend vaccination of children 12 years or older to protect them but mostly to contribute to the achievement of herd immunity.

show abstract

Acute post‐infection cerebellar ataxia following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A case report

Salari

Pour

Harofteh

et al. 2022

Clinical Case Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

After two years of spreading SARS-CoV-2, a well-known virus with respiratory symptoms, the economy, society, and public health were greatly affected. COVID-19 might be life-threatening, and it causes post-infection problems such as neurological complications, which have been reported globally.This virus appears to affect adults more than children, and even neurological complications in adults have been reported more frequently. Although the number of post-COVID neurological problems is rising due to growing cases of COVID-19, there is still a shortage of information about post-COVID-19 movement disorders in young adults and children.Studies suggested that nonspecific neurological conditions such as fatigue, headache, myalgia, and weakness are the most common problems in children affected by COVID-19, and specific neurological complications are uncommon in young adults after recovery from COVID-19. However, these children are at risk of developing seizures, meningeal signs, and encephalopathy, with variable severity. 1 There are also some reports of children with encephalitis 2,3 and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) 4,5 post-COVID-19 infection.Even though ataxia following SARS-CoV-2 infection is reported in adults, [6][7][8] there are just two case reports of APCA after COVID-19 before age 18. 9,10 Ataxia is usually a cerebellar disorder with an acute or chronic presentation. As we mentioned before, ACA is generally a childhood disorder and mostly presents after a recent febrile illness.Herein, we present an immunocompetent young male with acute onset of vertigo and cerebellar ataxia, following coronavirus infection.

show abstract

Post–COVID-19 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in a 17-Month-Old

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

A Systematic Review of Severe Neurological Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Coexisting SARS-CoV-2 Infection

A Systematic Review of Severe Neurological Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Coexisting SARS-CoV-2 Infection

COVID-19 in Children: Where do we Stand?

Acute post‐infection cerebellar ataxia following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A case report

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About