Post-Burn Azotemia, Its Characteristics and Relationship to the Severity of Thermal Injury

Rosenthal, Otto; McCarthy, Miles D.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1947.148.2.365

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A marked increase in nitrogenous material is noted in the blood following burning, both in experimental animals by Braasch, Bell, and Levenson (15) and in human beings by Taylor, Levenson, Davidson, and Adams (16). However, the nature and the source of this material has not yet been determined (Walker [17] and Rosenthal and McCarthy [18] ).…”

Section: Nature Of Protein Releasedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substances Released from the Skin Following Thermal Injury. I. Histamine and Proteins 1

Rosenthal¹,

Samet²,

Winzler³

et al. 1957

J. Clin. Invest.

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The nature of the substances released from the skin following burning is not known. The majority of the studies concerned with this problem have involved analyses of blood or the lymph draining the burned part, and have been complicated by the complex composition of the blood and lymph and the complex interrelation between different tissues. The present studies represent an attempt to simplify the problem by employing excised skin and collecting the materials diffusing into a saline solution following exposure to hot water. METHODS Preparation of diffusatesMongrel dogs were anesthetized with Nembutalg (30 mg. per kilo) and the skin of their backs was clipped with an Oster No. 40 hair clipper. By the use of an electrically driven dermatome 2 set at .015 inch, split thicknesses of skin 3 3 in. wide and up to 12 in. long were obtained. The slices were placed immediately on salinesoaked gauze, cut up into 3-cm. squares, and secured with the cut surface inward about one end of glass cylinders, 2.4 cm. in diameter (Figure 1). The cut surface was in continuity with the inside of the cylinder. Before the burning, the cut surface was washed three times with 5 to 10 ml. of saline, and after the final washing, 2 ml. of saline were allowed to remain inside of the cylinder. Burning was done in hot water contained in a tray which held a U-shaped metal rack that supported the tubes in such a manner that only the skin was submerged in water ( Figure 2

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Section: Nature Of Protein Releasedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substances Released from the Skin Following Thermal Injury. I. Histamine and Proteins 1

Rosenthal¹,

Samet²,

Winzler³

et al. 1957

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…In many cases of azotemia, notably "irreversible" azotemia following severe burns (20 to 22), a substantial part of the non-protein nitrogen has not been identified. The possibility frequently has been suggested that peptides might account for much of the unidentified nitrogen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Conjugated, Non-Protein, Amino Acids of Plasma. V. A Study of the Clinical Significance of Peptidemia

Christensen¹,

Decker²,

Lynch³

et al. 1947

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The standardized back-burn procedure, the collection of blood, and the determination of non-protein nitrogen, urea nitrogen, and amino nitrogen in tungstic acid filtrates of the plasma have been previously described (1,2). The difference (non-protein nitrogen -[urea nitrogen + amino nitrogen]) will be referred to as the undetermined plasma nitrogen.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Plasma Non-Protein Nitrogen Distribution and Its Correlation With the Efficacy of Fluid Replacement Therapy Following Thermal Injury 1

Rosenthal

McCarthy²

1947

J. Clin. Invest.

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It has been previously pointed out by us (1) that the rise of the undetermined and the amino nitrogen in the plasma of scalded rats is directly related to the severity of the burn. In the present paper it will be shown that the extent to which the increases in these two nitrogen fractions are reduced by therapeutic measures provides an index of efficacy of the fluid and salt treatment. The therapeutic agencies under comparison were physiological saline, gelatin, albumin, and plasma, which were administered intravenously to the scalded rats at varying intervals of time and in varying quantities. In addition to the effect of these substances upon the azotemia, their influence upon the urinary excretion of water and nitrogen was investigated. EXPERIMENTAL METHODSThe standardized back-burn procedure, the collection of blood, and the determination of non-protein nitrogen, urea nitrogen, and amino nitrogen in tungstic acid filtrates of the plasma have been previously described (1, 2). The difference (non-protein nitrogen -[urea nitrogen + amino nitrogen]) will be referred to as the undetermined plasma nitrogen.Plasma protein levels were calculated by multiplying the difference (total plasma nitrogen-non-protein nitrogen) by the factor 6.25. The estimation of the gelatin content of plasma following the infusion of this plasma substitute was based upon the fact that 3 per cent trichloracetic acid precipitates only the plasma proteins while tungstic acid removes both plasma protein and, gelatin.The gelatin solution used for infusion contained 1.0 gram of precipitable nitrogen per 5.5 grams of gelatin. Hence the term (non-protein nitrogen of the trichloracetic acid filtrate -non-protein nitrogen of the tungstic acid filtrate) x 5.5 provides an estimate of the gelatin level of plasma.Urine was collected under "Klarol" 2 in separatory 1 Part of the results have been presented at a Meeting of the Physiological Society of Philadelphia on October 15, 1946 (Am. J. Med. Sci., 1946. will be referred to as the undetermined urinary nitrogen.During the first 24 hours following scalding the rats received no food. Thereafter they were fed in separate cages for periods of 2 hours in the morning and 1 hour in the afternoon, a procedure recommended by Croft land Peters (4). Urine voided during the periods of feeding was absorbed in filter paper. The paper was then extracted with N/50 sulfuric acid and an aliquot of the extract analyzed for urea + ammonia nitrogen. The nitrogen content and the volume of the 3-hour specimens were computed on the assumption that the nitrogen partition and the nitrogen concentration were identical with those of the corresponding 21-hour specimens of known volume and composition.

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Post-Burn Azotemia, Its Characteristics and Relationship to the Severity of Thermal Injury

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Substances Released from the Skin Following Thermal Injury. I. Histamine and Proteins 1

Substances Released from the Skin Following Thermal Injury. I. Histamine and Proteins 1

The Conjugated, Non-Protein, Amino Acids of Plasma. V. A Study of the Clinical Significance of Peptidemia

The Plasma Non-Protein Nitrogen Distribution and Its Correlation With the Efficacy of Fluid Replacement Therapy Following Thermal Injury 1

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