Post-bloom and preharvest treatment of ‘Braeburn’ apple trees with prohexadione-calcium and GA4+7 affects vegetative growth and postharvest incidence of calcium-related physiological disorders and decay in the fruit

Amarante, Cassandro Vidal Talamini do; Silveira, João Paulo Generoso; Steffens, Cristiano André; Freitas, Sérgio Tonetto de; Mitcham, Elizabeth; Miqueloto, Aquidauana

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108919

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Producers have traditionally attempted to mitigate the expression of BP symptoms through the foliar application of calcium, with variable success. Many studies carried out in ‘Honeycrisp’ and other apple varieties such as ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Fuji’ and ‘Braeburn’ contributed to the development of strategies to reduce bitter pit incidence [ 10 , 13 ] and models or methods to predict bitter pit before harvest [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Most are related to the mineral nutrition and bitter pit incidence relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies reported a clear, positive relationship between potassium-to-calcium ratio and bitter pit incidence [ 17 , 18 ] (Valverdi et al, 2021; Fazio et al, 2020). However, mineral content is not the only criterion for the occurrence of bitter pit and does not always explain the presence or absence of symptoms in a particular orchard [ 13 ]. Other factors such as early harvest, poorly drained fine-textured soils, light cropping, excessive tree vigor, excessive nitrogen nutrition, moisture stress, low boron, vigorous shoot growth, weather and soil conditions (hot and drying conditions, low soil pH), year, local environment, hormones, rootstock selection, foliar calcium programs and tree age can contribute to increase bitter pit risk [ 14 , 19 , 20 ] and to explain the enormous variation in bitter pit incidence observed among commercial plantings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Honeycrisp’ Bitter Pit Response to Rootstock and Region under Eastern New York Climatic Conditions

Donahue

Reig²,

Elone

et al. 2021

Plants

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There are still unknown factors at play in the causation of bitter pit in ‘Honeycrisp’ as well as in other apple varieties. To investigate some of these factors, we conducted a survey of 34 ‘Honeycrisp’ orchard blocks distributed across two disparate production regions in eastern New York State, representing a variety of rootstocks, over three growing seasons. Weather, soil, horticultural traits, fruit quality traits, pick timing, leaf and peel minerals were evaluated for their impact on bitter pit (BP) incidence; factors were further evaluated for their interaction with region and rootstock. ‘Honeycrisp’ trees on B.9 rootstock were smaller but with comparable terminal shoot growth when compared to those on M.26 and M.9 rootstocks. B.9 fruits, which had similar fruit size to M.26 and M.9 and had good fruit quality at harvest and after storage, were much less likely to express bitter pit symptoms compared to M.9 and M.26 rootstocks. Not all traits evaluated individually correlated significatively with bitter pit incidence after a period in storage. Depending on rootstock and region, the correlation could be significant in one situation, with no correlation at all in another. In this study, peel Mg/Ca ratio and peel Ca correlated with BP for all three rootstocks, with the strongest correlations associated with the M.9 clones. These same traits correlated with BP for both regions. Pick timing had a significant influence on BP incidence following storage, with later picks offering better bitter pit storage performance. While excessively large fruits, those in the 48 and 56 count size categories, were found to be highly susceptible to BP regardless of rootstock, B.9 BP fruit susceptibility for smaller sizes was found to be size neutral. A PLSR prediction model for each rootstock and each region showed that different variables correlated to BP depending on the situation. Thus, the results could suggest that in addition to the variables considered in this study, there are other less studied factors that can influence the expression of BP symptoms. We strongly suggest that rootstock BP performance be considered a critical parameter when planning a commercial ‘Honeycrisp’ orchard and be evaluated in rootstock breeding and development programs prior to wide commercial release.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Honeycrisp’ Bitter Pit Response to Rootstock and Region under Eastern New York Climatic Conditions

Donahue

Reig²,

Elone

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…In a previous study, we suggested that when Ca content at 60 days after full bloom (about 90 days before harvest) is above a threshold (11 mg Ca 100 g -1 fresh weight), the bitter pit incidence is unlike to develop (Torres et al, 2017a). However, mineral content is not the only criterion for the occurrence of bitter pit, and not always explains the incidence or absence of symptoms in a particular orchard (do Amarante et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Integral procedure to predict bitter pit in ‘Golden Smoothee’ apples based on calcium content and symptom induction

Torres¹,

Alegre²,

Recasens

et al. 2021

Scientia Horticulturae

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“…However, the success of nutrition with calcium can be influenced by several factors, including the application of other chemicals and nutrients. Application of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), for example, can reduce vegetative growth by inhibiting photosynthesis and favors calcium accumulation in fruits (Amarante et al, 2020). On the other hand, a high availability of other minerals as N, K and Mg can reduce the assimilation of calcium, and consequently promote bitter pit and other physiological disorders in apples postharvest ( Jemric et al, 2016), with a reduction in flesh firmness (Casero et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the harvest date, calcium and other chemicals on the quality and storability of ‘Golden Smoothie’ apples

Rios‐Velasco

Ornelas-Paz

Ruíz-Cisneros³

et al. 2023

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Apples cultivated in Mexico generally are smaller and softer than those produced in other geographical latitudes considered as optimal for apple production. The aim of this evaluation was determine the effect of applications with calcium, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, sulfur and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), as well as the harvest date on the quality of apple fruits. ‘Golden Smoothie’ apple trees were treated foliarly with CaCl2 with and without NAA, and with a mixture of N, K, Mg and S or gypsum applied to soil for two years. Apples were harvested at 141 (regular harvest date), 161 (mid-late harvest) and 171 days (late harvest) after full bloom (DAFB) and evaluated for quality at harvest time and during their storage at 0°C for up to 179 days. Foliar applications of CaCl2 significantly increased the calcium content in fruit and leaves, but fruit quality, including firmness, was not influenced. Fertilization of soil with the mixture of nutrients, including CaSO4, did not influence the fruit quality. Lately harvested fruit was 14.9% heavier but 17.1% softer than fruit picked at the commercial harvest date. Delaying of fruit harvest reduced about 43 d the storability of fruit. Based in these results, the relative softness of apples grown in Mexico is not related with its calcium content, hence unlikely to be overcome with the application of this mineral. Even in the control fruits, both seasons, the stored fruits do not show some physiological disorder as bitter pit.

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Post-bloom and preharvest treatment of ‘Braeburn’ apple trees with prohexadione-calcium and GA4+7 affects vegetative growth and postharvest incidence of calcium-related physiological disorders and decay in the fruit

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

‘Honeycrisp’ Bitter Pit Response to Rootstock and Region under Eastern New York Climatic Conditions

‘Honeycrisp’ Bitter Pit Response to Rootstock and Region under Eastern New York Climatic Conditions

Integral procedure to predict bitter pit in ‘Golden Smoothee’ apples based on calcium content and symptom induction

Effect of the harvest date, calcium and other chemicals on the quality and storability of ‘Golden Smoothie’ apples

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