Possible sources and preferred pathways for biogenic and non‐sea‐salt sulfur for the high Arctic

Hopke, Philip K.; Barrie, L. A.; Li, S.-M.; Cheng, Meng‐Dawn; Li, C.; Xie, YuLong

doi:10.1029/95jd01712

Cited by 120 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…To investigate the transport pattern, we first calculated back trajectories (NOAA ARL HYSPLIT4; Draxler and Rolph, 2003) with data starting at 500 m altitude. Significant downward mixing of air masses from different arrival heights was evident at receptor locations, indicating a contribution from elevated transport to measured ground-level concentrations (Hopke et al, 1995). This result led us to use PSCF (described below) to estimate the back trajectories at arrival heights of 500, 1000, and 1500 m. Four-day back trajectories at 2-h intervals were computed for arrival heights of 500, 1000, and 1500 m for each of the 45 daily mean samples.…”

Section: Potential Source Contribution Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the PSCF calculation, the source domain was restricted to latitudes 20°N-55°N and longitudes 90°E-150°E to suppress erroneous identification of distant PSCF regions with negligible mean residence times of air masses (Hopke et al, 1995). Regions with PSCF values ranging from 0.5 to 1 were designated as probable source regions for each factor during the study period.…”

Section: Potential Source Contribution Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These conditional probabilities are computed for different pressure levels. Hence, the total probability of material transfer from various heights is calculated from the conditional probabilities associated with each height (Hopke et al, 1995). We used the following weighting function:…”

Section: Potential Source Contribution Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We performed a PSCF analysis (Hopke et al, 1995;Pekney et al, 2006; to identify the preferred atmospheric transport pathways from sources to receptors for the source categories identified by the PMF analyses (PMF-PSCF). To investigate the transport pattern, we first calculated back trajectories (NOAA ARL HYSPLIT4; Draxler and Rolph, 2003) with data starting at 500 m altitude.…”

Section: Potential Source Contribution Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mode and Place of Origin of Carbonaceous Aerosols Transported From East Asia to Cape Hedo, Okinawa, Japan

Shimada

Takami

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigated the source categories and emission areas of carbonaceous aerosols transported from East Asia to the East China Sea. Mass concentrations of heavy metals, ionic components, organic carbon, and elemental carbon (EC) were measured at the Cape Hedo Atmosphere and Aerosol Monitoring Station in Okinawa, Japan, throughout 2010. The relative influences of different categories of aerosols were determined by positive matrix factorization, and the source regions of each emissions category were evaluated by using the total potential source contribution function. Five source categories were identified: dust, sea salt and nitrate, secondary species, coal combustion, and oil combustion. The results showed that the major source of aerosols in North China is coal combustion, whereas the major source in South China, Japan, and Korea is oil combustion. The relative contributions of the five sources to EC concentrations at Cape Hedo were dust 7.0%, sea salt and nitrate 19.1%, secondary species 28.5%, oil combustion 12.8%, and coal combustion 32.6%. In particular, wintertime coal combustion in residential areas of North China contributed significantly to EC in 2010. The results also indicate that the contribution of coal combustion in source areas was higher in winter (52%), whereas the contribution of oil combustion was higher in spring (33%).

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Section: Potential Source Contribution Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Source Contribution Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Source Contribution Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Source Contribution Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mode and Place of Origin of Carbonaceous Aerosols Transported From East Asia to Cape Hedo, Okinawa, Japan

Shimada

Takami

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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show abstract

“…To reduce the uncertainty, the weighting function W(n ij ) is introduced in Eq. (6) (Hopke et al, 1995;Polissar et al, 1999;Xu and Akhtar, 2010).…”

Section: Potential Source Contribution Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Optical Properties of Atmospheric Aerosols in Summer at a Suburban Site in North China

Li¹,

Li²,

Yuan

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The physical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols at a suburban site in North China were continuously measured from July 20, 2014 to August 30, 2014. The particle number concentration (N a ), mass concentration (M a ), geometric mean diameter (GMD), scattering coefficient (σ sc ), and Angström exponent (α) were calculated. The potential source contribution was also analyzed. Mm -1 , and 1.87, respectively, in rainy days. Small-sized aerosols (< 100 nm) dominated the total aerosol numbers under clear conditions. The diurnal variation of N a showed one peak, usually appearing at 12:00, which could be correlated with new particle formation (NPF) events. Most NPF events began at 08:00-10:00 and continued until 12:00-14:00. The average particle formation rate (FR) and particle growth rate (GR) were 1.93 cm -3 s -1 and 7.24 nm h -1 , respectively. The diurnal variation of M a showed two peaks, at 7:00 and 21:00, which were caused by local or regional transport of urban plumes. A potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis indicated that aerosol potential sources in Xinzhou were mainly concentrated in the relatively developed, densely populated areas, particularly in some areas to the east and southeast of Shanxi, and the PSCF values of these areas were higher than 0.6.

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Mixed multiway analysis of airborne particle composition data

1999

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Airborne particle composition data were obtained from week‐long samples collected at the northernmost manned site in the world, Alert, Northwest Territories, Canada, during the period from 1980 to 1991. It was found that the measured weekly average concentrations display strong persistent seasonal variations. Initially the measured concentrations of 24 constituents were arranged into both two‐way and three‐way data arrays, and bilinear and trilinear models were used to fit the data using positive matrix factorization (PMF). Five factors were found to explain the data quite well for both two‐way and three‐way modeling, and each factor represented a likely particle source. In the two‐way modeling the yearly cyclical seasonal variations were not directly retrieved, since the whole 11 years of data were regarded as a single mode in the fitting. In the three‐way analysis, fixed seasonality was imposed by assuming the week‐to‐week patterns of the source contributions to recur from year to year. The factors represent winter Arctic haze, photochemical sulfate after polar sunrise, biogenic sulfur, soil and sea salt. The resulting fit for some elements became worse because the year‐to‐year variation is not identical for these sources. These results suggested that a mixed two‐way and three‐way model might be the best representation of the data. The methodology to calculate such a mixed model has just been developed, namely the multilinear engine (ME). In this study the ME has been used to estimate a mixed two‐way/three‐way model for the Alert aerosol data. Five two‐way and two three‐way factors have been found to provide the best fit and interpretation of the data. Each factor represents a probable source with a distinctive compositional profile and seasonal variations. The five two‐way factors are (i) winter Arctic haze dominated by $\hbox{SO}_{4}^{2-}$ together with metallic species and peaking from December to March, (ii) soil represented by Si, Al and Ca, (iii) sea salt, (iv) sulfate with high acidity peaking in late March/April, and (v) iodine representing most of the observed I with two maxima, one around September/October and the other around March/April. The two three‐way factors are (i) bromine characterized by a maximum in the spring around March/April, and (ii) biogenic sulfur which includes sulfate and methane sulfonate (MSA) with maxima in May and August. The results obtained are consistent with those obtained in the previous study and agree with the current understanding of the Arctic aerosol. In both analyses the year‐to‐year strength of the biogenic factor appears to correlate strongly with the average temperature in the northern hemisphere. This result suggests that as the temperature rises, there is increased biogenic production of the reduced sulfur precursor compounds that are oxidized in the atmosphere to sulfate and MSA and could be evidence of a negative feedback mechanism in the global climate system that had been previously postulated. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Possible sources and preferred pathways for biogenic and non‐sea‐salt sulfur for the high Arctic

Cited by 120 publications

References 14 publications

Mode and Place of Origin of Carbonaceous Aerosols Transported From East Asia to Cape Hedo, Okinawa, Japan

Mode and Place of Origin of Carbonaceous Aerosols Transported From East Asia to Cape Hedo, Okinawa, Japan

Physical and Optical Properties of Atmospheric Aerosols in Summer at a Suburban Site in North China

Mixed multiway analysis of airborne particle composition data

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