Possible role of mitochondrial injury in CaulisAristolochia manshuriensis-induced chronic aristolochic acid nephropathy

Abstract

A rat model of chronic AAN was successfully reproduced by gavage with CAM extract. Dynamic changes of mitochondrial injury induced by CAM might contribute to the AAN progression.

Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen Formula Regulates Inflammatory Cytokines Production in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats via Suppression of NF-κB Activation

“…Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome stains were performed to evaluate the pathological changes of kidney. For quantitative analysis, tubular atrophy score in PAS staining was defined as follows: 0, normal tubules; 1, rare single atrophic tubule; 2, several clusters of atrophic tubules; 3, massive atrophy [ 22 ]. The fibrotic area in Masson staining was measured using Image J software (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA).…”

Mitochondrial dysfunction in fibrotic diseases

“…In terms of oxidative respiratory chain and metabolic enzymes, cardiolipin peroxidation disrupts respiratory chain complex and inhibits mitochondrial respiratory compounds 83,84 . As mentioned before, COX-I and NDUFb8 defects also played critical roles in respiratory chain damage 80 . Moreover, Ang-II induced renal injury by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, which was related to the decrease of ATP synthase activity, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 alleviated this situation 87 .…”

“…Like other organs, decreased expression of Gα-binding protein (GABP), PGC-1α, and PPAR-α indicated a decrease of mitochondrial biogenesis in fibrosis 79 . Additionally, the integrity of mitochondrial morphology and structure was often destroyed in renal fibrosis 80 . It was reported that melatonin prevented mitochondrial edema, cristae dilatation and maintained the integrity of mitochondrial membrane, thereby alleviating renal fibrosis 8 .…”

“…Furthermore, in renal fibrosis and renal injury induced by AAI, decrease of mtDNA-encoded cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (COX-1) and nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (ubiquinone)-1b subcomplex 8 (NDUFb8) suggested that mtDNA and nDNA were both victims. However, with the progression of aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) in renal cortex, NDUFb8 level restored, while COX-1 level maintained low 80 . Similarly, the activity of respiratory complex 1, which is partly encoded by mtDNA, was more significantly impaired than that of respiratory complex II, completely encoded by nDNA 86 .…”

Functional mechanism of AMPK activation in mitochondrial regeneration of rat peritoneal macrophages mediated by uremic serum

“…According to the United States Renal Disease Data System (USRDS) in 2014, the incidence of CKD in adults in the United States is about 13.6%. The end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final development trend of kidney diseases of various causes, and the incidence of which accounts for 34–68% of CKD [ 3 – 5 ]. According to the 2016 epidemiological survey, nearly 1.2 million patients of CKD die every year in the world.…”