Possible Relationships between the South African Captive-Bred Lion Hunting Industry and the Hunting and Conservation of Lions Elsewhere in Africa

Lindsey, Peter A.; Alexander, Robert R.; Midlane, Neil; Craig, John E.

doi:10.3957/056.042.0103

Cited by 41 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…This study excluded South Africa where the majority of lion ‘hunts’ are of captive (and captive-born) animals, [18]). Several methods were employed to assess the spatial and numerical extent of lion hunting, the way in which lion hunting is managed in each country, and hunting operators’ perceptions of lion hunting.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The US and the EU together represent the bulk of the market for African trophy hunting [17], and most lions hunted in Africa are exported as trophies to the US or EU (85.0% of non-South African [i.e. trophies of non captive-bred lions], accessed January 2012) [18]. Trade restrictions could reduce a direct source of mortality of lions and potentially allow lion populations depleted due to over-hunting to recover in the short term (assuming that nationals from other countries did not hunt lions instead of those from the US and EU).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Trophy Hunting of African Lions: Scale, Current Management Practices and Factors Undermining Sustainability

et al. 2013

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The trophy hunting of lions Panthera leo is contentious due to uncertainty concerning conservation impacts and because of highly polarised opinions about the practice. African lions are hunted across at least ∼558,000 km2, which comprises 27–32% of the lion range in countries where trophy hunting of the species is permitted. Consequently, trophy hunting has potential to impart significant positive or negative impacts on lions. Several studies have demonstrated that excessive trophy harvests have driven lion population declines. There have been several attempts by protectionist non-governmental organisations to reduce or preclude trophy hunting via restrictions on the import and export of lion trophies. We document the management of lion hunting in Africa and highlight challenges which need addressing to achieve sustainability. Problems include: unscientific bases for quota setting; excessive quotas and off-takes in some countries; fixed quotas which encourage over-harvest; and lack of restrictions on the age of lions that can be hunted. Key interventions needed to make lion hunting more sustainable, include implementation of: enforced age restrictions; improved trophy monitoring; adaptive management of quotas and a minimum length of lion hunts of at least 21 days. Some range states have made important steps towards implementing such improved management and off-takes have fallen steeply in recent years. For example age restrictions have been introduced in Tanzania and in Niassa in Mozambique, and are being considered for Benin and Zimbabwe, several states have reduced quotas, and Zimbabwe is implementing trophy monitoring. However, further reforms are needed to ensure sustainability and reduce conservation problems associated with the practice while allowing retention of associated financial incentives for conservation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trophy Hunting of African Lions: Scale, Current Management Practices and Factors Undermining Sustainability

et al. 2013

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“…Efficient, regulated and selective wildlife harvesting can potentially produce significant quantities of meat sustainably. Legal harvest can yield a fresher, more hygienic product, of guaranteed and preferred species-origin, with lower risks of zoonoses (Lindsey et al, 2011a;Alexander et al, 2012). Legal wildlife-based land uses can generate income from trophy hunting, ecotourism and the sale of by-products such as skins, which is why wildlife-ranching has replaced (or complements) livestock production across large areas of private land in semi-arid southern Africa (Bond et al 2004).…”

Section: Developing Formal Wildlife-based Land Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bushmeat trade in African savannas: Impacts, drivers, and possible solutions

Lindsey

Balme

Becker

et al. 2013

Biological Conservation

244

260

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“…These drivers vary according to locations and contexts, and include governance drivers (e.g., conflicts, institutional change), economic drivers (e.g., availability of other sources of income and food, infrastructure investments increasing access to markets), social drivers (e.g., migration, urbanization, displacement), and ecological drivers (e.g., climate change, climatic hazards, habitat degradation, land cover change). Lindsey et al (2012) have listed the drivers of bushmeat hunting in savanna areas as follows: (1) increasing demand for bushmeat; (2) lack of clear rights regarding land and wildlife; (3) inadequate legal protection for wildlife, and inadequate enforcement and penal systems; (4) poverty and food insecurity; and (5) political instability. Further, the emergence of market-based economies and the commercialization of bushmeat in urban centers have increased demand for bushmeat through commodification and exportation ).…”

Section: Drivers Of Change: the Bushmeat Hunting System Nested In A Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing hunting under uncertainty: from one-off ecological indicators to resilience approaches in assessing the sustainability of bushmeat hunting

Vliet¹,

Fa²,

Nasi³

2015

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Despite the fact that sustainability of bushmeat hunting in tropical areas is of major concern for conservation and development practitioners, we still know very little about how to measure sustainability and how to put in place sustainable bushmeat hunting systems. We review the current limits of traditional methods used to investigate sustainability of bushmeat hunting, discuss the need to incorporate the characteristics of complex systems into sustainability assessments, and suggest how resilience theories could assist in understanding bushmeat sustainability and more effective conservation of wildlife in tropical areas. Traditional methods used to assess the sustainability of bushmeat hunting include demographic models of population growth, one-off biological indicators, population trend methods, harvest-based indicators, and comparisons of demographic parameters between sites. These traditional biological sustainability indices have proved inadequate for measuring the impact of bushmeat hunting because sustainability is treated as a static, binary (yes or no) question, thus ignoring stochastic processes, the inherent variability of natural systems, and the complexity of hunting systems. We suggest that bushmeat hunting systems in tropical areas should be regarded as social-ecological systems in which the impacts of hunting on prey populations are not the only focus. Instead, the analysis of resilience aims at understanding the complex and dynamic relationships between the hunting ground, its resources, the stakeholders, and the different exogenous drivers of change that affect the components of the system at different scales. The main implication of using the resilience theory in the context of bushmeat hunting is the shift from the need to assess stocks with imprecise measures to the incorporation of the uncertainty and stochasticity inherent to complex systems in participatory and adaptive management processes. As such, the resilience analysis provides an unprecedented opportunity for the sustainable use of bushmeat and allows the identification of strategies to strengthen resilience when the system is found to be close to a given threshold, instead of reinforcing fortress conservation.

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Possible Relationships between the South African Captive-Bred Lion Hunting Industry and the Hunting and Conservation of Lions Elsewhere in Africa

Abstract: The trophy hunting of lions is contentious due to increasing evidence of impacts on wild populations, and ethical concerns surrounding the hunting of captive-bred lions in South

Cited by 41 publications

References 15 publications

The Trophy Hunting of African Lions: Scale, Current Management Practices and Factors Undermining Sustainability

The Trophy Hunting of African Lions: Scale, Current Management Practices and Factors Undermining Sustainability

The bushmeat trade in African savannas: Impacts, drivers, and possible solutions

Managing hunting under uncertainty: from one-off ecological indicators to resilience approaches in assessing the sustainability of bushmeat hunting

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