Possible Modifiers of the Association Between Change in Weight Status From Child Through Adult Ages and Later Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Bjerregaard, Lise G.; Wasenius, Niko; Nedelec, Rozenn; Gjærde, Line Klingen; Ängquist, Lars; Herzig, Karl‐Heinz; Jensen, Gorm; Mortensen, Erik Lykke; Osler, Merete; Overvad, Kim; Skaaby, Tea; Tjønneland, Anne; Sørensen, Thorkild I A; Järvelin, Marjo‐Riitta; Eriksson, Johan G.; Sebért, Sylvain; Baker, Jennifer L.

doi:10.2337/dc19-1726

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…The authors reported that overweight in childhood was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes only if the overweight persisted into adulthood 32 . Education, LTPA, and smoking did not modify the results 33 . Likewise, in the present study, education, smoking status, and self‐reported LTPA did not modify the association between change in weight status from childhood to late adulthood and TPA in older age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Maternal body mass index, change in weight status from childhood to late adulthood and physical activity in older age

Westberg

Wasenius

Salonen

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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This study aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of maternal body mass index (BMI), weight status in childhood and late adulthood and device‐measured total physical activity (TPA) in older age. The study involves 552 participants from Helsinki Birth Cohort Study who were born in Helsinki, Finland, in 1934‐1944. TPA was measured with a multisensory body monitor at a mean age of 70 years and expressed in metabolic equivalent of task hours/day (METh/d). Childhood overweight (BMI > 85th percentile) was based on school health records at 6‐7 years of age, and late adulthood overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) was based on clinical measurements at the mean age of 61 years. Childhood overweight was associated with lower TPA, particularly in older women (mean difference −3.2 METh/d, 95% confidence interval (CI) −4.6 ‐ −1.9), and late adulthood overweight was associated with lower TPA both in older women (mean difference −6.2, 95% CI (−7.2 ‐ −5.1) and in older men (mean difference −2.6 METh/d, 95% CI −3.7 ‐ −1.5). TPA in older age was highest in participants who were normal weight both in childhood and adulthood and lowest in participants who were overweight in childhood and adulthood. In participants with childhood overweight, TPA was lower in participants who were overweight both in childhood and adulthood compared to those who were overweight only in childhood. There was a U‐shaped distribution of TPA according to maternal BMI in older women (P = .002), but not in older men. In conclusion, reaching normal weight after childhood predicted higher physical activity levels in older age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Maternal body mass index, change in weight status from childhood to late adulthood and physical activity in older age

Westberg

Wasenius

Salonen

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Our analyses extend our previous analyses of BMI at single ages in childhood and adulthood in relation to T2D [21,22] by examining the modifiability of a longer duration of child BMI exposure as captured by our child BMI trajectories. The trajectories spanned an average of 6 years during childhood, however, if they extended for a longer period, the LCTM may have identified trajectories with more variation in their slopes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Body mass index trajectories in childhood and incidence rates of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood: A cohort study

Blond

Vistisen

Aarestrup

et al. 2022

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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“…This finding is in line with existing evidence [ 10 , 21 ], although for some populations a U-shaped association between birthweight and type 2 diabetes has been reported [ 10 ]. In addition to birthweight, we and others have demonstrated that a high childhood BMI is a weak determinant of risk of adult type 2 diabetes, and high BMI during puberty and in young adulthood are strong determinants of risk of adult type 2 diabetes [ 7 , 8 , 22 ]. Interestingly, in studies of both Finnish and Indian populations, individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes in adulthood had lower birthweight and lower BMI until 2 years of age, followed by a larger BMI increase until young adulthood [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low birthweight and overweight during childhood and young adulthood and the risk of type 2 diabetes in men: a population-based cohort study

Célind,

Bygdell,

Bramsved

et al. 2024

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis This study aimed to determine the relative contributions of low birthweight and overweight during childhood and young adulthood to the risk of type 2 diabetes in men. Methods We included 34,231 men born between1945 and 1961 from the population-based BMI Epidemiology Study (BEST) Gothenburg with data on birthweight and overweight status in childhood (8 years, BMI >17.9 kg/m2) and young adulthood (20 years, BMI >25 kg/m2). Participants were followed from age 30 years until 31 December 2019. Information on type 2 diabetes diagnoses was retrieved from Swedish national registers. HRs and 95% CIs for the risk of early (≤59.4 years) and late (>59.4 years) type 2 diabetes were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results During follow-up, a total of 2733 cases of type 2 diabetes were diagnosed. Birthweight below the median (<3.6 kg) and overweight at age 20 (BMI >25 kg/m2), but not overweight at age 8 (BMI >17.9 kg/m2), were associated with an increased risk of early and late type 2 diabetes. Of note, a birthweight below the median followed by overweight at age 20 years was associated with a substantially increased risk of early type 2 diabetes (HR 6.07, 95% CI 5.08, 7.27), and a low birthweight (≤2.5 kg) combined with overweight at age 20 years was associated with a massive risk of early type 2 diabetes (HR 9.94, 95% CI 6.57, 15.05). Conclusions/interpretation Low birthweight and overweight in young adulthood are the major developmental determinants of adult type 2 diabetes risk in men. They contribute in an additive manner to the risk of type 2 diabetes. To reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, young adult overweight should be avoided, especially in boys with a low birthweight. Data availability The SPSS analysis code, the R analysis code and a data dictionary have been made available in an online repository (https://osf.io/bx2as/). Graphical Abstract

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Possible Modifiers of the Association Between Change in Weight Status From Child Through Adult Ages and Later Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Maternal body mass index, change in weight status from childhood to late adulthood and physical activity in older age

Maternal body mass index, change in weight status from childhood to late adulthood and physical activity in older age

Body mass index trajectories in childhood and incidence rates of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood: A cohort study

Low birthweight and overweight during childhood and young adulthood and the risk of type 2 diabetes in men: a population-based cohort study

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