Possible cross-species transmission of circoviruses and cycloviruses among farm animals

Abstract

Circoviruses consist of highly prevalent and genetically diverse porcine and avian pathogens. The genomes of cycloviruses, a proposed new genus in the family Circoviridae, were recently identified in human and chimpanzee faeces. Here, six cyclovirus and four circovirus genomes from the tissues of chickens, goats, cows, and a bat were amplified and sequenced using rolling-circle amplification and inverse PCR. A goat cyclovirus was nearly identical to a cyclovirus from a cow. USA beef contained circoviruses with .99 % similarity to porcine circovirus 2b. Circoviruses in chicken were related to those of pigeons. The close genetic similarity of a subset of cycloviruses and circoviruses replicating in distinct animal species may reflect recent cross-species transmissions. Further studies will be required to determine the impact of these highly prevalent infections on the health of farm animals.

Single-Tube Multiplexed Molecular Detection of Endemic Porcine Viruses in Combination with Background Screening for Transboundary Diseases

“…Although nasal swabs and saliva collected on the same day and serum from the animal scored negative in the PCV2-specific assay, lingual vesicles were positive both in the single-target assay and in the multiplex system. Interestingly, the presence of PCV2-like isolates has been found in cattle previously (50)(51)(52), though this observation was not confirmed by other authors (53,54). Recently, PCV2 has been detected in German calves affected with hemorrhagic disease syndrome (HDS) (50).…”

Revisiting the taxonomy of the family Circoviridae: establishment of the genus Cyclovirus and removal of the genus Gyrovirus

“…Although cycloviruses were discovered in stool samples from primates [34], cyclovirus genomes have now been reported from a diversity of specimens including mammals (bats, cats, cows, goats, horses, squirrels, sheep) [18,34,36,38,43,49,73,91,92], birds (chickens) [34,36], and insects (cockroaches and dragonflies) [11,59,70,71] (Table 1). Additionally, a diversity of cyclovirus genomes have been recovered from human samples other than faeces [17,34,80], including cerebrospinal fluid [80], blood serum [76], and respiratory b Fig.…”

“…GoACyV-1 HQ738636 Capra aegagrus hircus Muscle Pakistan [36] The presence of a well-conserved Rep in circovirus genomes suggests that these viruses replicate through RCR and recombinant expression studies support this idea [7,16,51,77]. Circovirus Reps are characterized by the presence of three RCR motifs at the N-terminus including, motif I [FT(L/I)NN], motif II [PHLQG] and motif III [YC(S/x)K] where ''x'' represents any residue [72] (Fig.…”

A Novel Porcine Circovirus Distantly Related to Known Circoviruses Is Associated with Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome and Reproductive Failure

“…AIF76248, 293 aa). The PorkNW2/USA/2009 genome was obtained from commercial pork meat products and includes a complete replicase and partial capsid gene most similar in organization and sequence to that of circoviruses (31). Conserved circovirus replicase and helicase domains were identified by BLASTP from aa 9 to 93 and 162 to 251, respectively, in the rep ORF.…”