Possibilities of rice husk ash to be used as reinforcing filler in polymer sector -a review

Abstract

This work presents a literature review of the synthetic silica production pathways which are classified in thermal (also known as pyrogenic) and wet. They lead to different commercial references with different properties depending not only on the process conditions but also on the raw material characteristics. Based on the aforementioned, a simile is made with the rice husk ash (RHA) obtained from rice husk combustion, and its main physical-chemical properties required for its use in polymer sector are also shown. In this sense, this work shows a wide review of chemical composition, surface area, molecular structure (amorphous or crystalline) and particle size of different RHA found in literature. Finally, the mechanical performance of both thermoplastics and elastomers reinforced with RHA reported in literature is also described and compared with those composites reinforced with some commercial silica. KEYWORDS:Reinforcing fillers; rice husk ash; rubber; silica; thermoplastic. RESUMENEste trabajo presenta una revisión de las rutas de obtención de sílice sintética, clasificadas como de tipo térmico (también conocido como pirogénico) y líquido, las cuales dan lugar a diferentes referencias con diversas propiedades dependiendo, no solo de las condiciones del proceso sino también de las características de la materia prima. Con base en lo anterior, se hace un símil con la ceniza cascarilla de arroz (CCA) obtenida a partir de la combustión de la cascarilla de arroz, y se resaltan las principales propiedades físico-químicas para su utilización como reforzante en el sector de polímeros. En este sentido, este trabajo muestra una amplia revisión de la composición química, área superficial, estructura molecular y tamaño de partículas de diferentes CCA encontradas en la literatura. Finalmente, se describe el desempeño mecánico de materiales termoplásticos y elastómeros reforzados con CCA reportados en la literatura y comparados con compuestos reforzados con algunas sílices comerciales.

Evaluation of Tensile Properties and Damage of Continuous Fibre Reinforced 3D-Printed Parts

“…Several authors have worked on the evaluation of the dimensional accuracy and the mechanical properties of parts manufactured by FDM, both in industrial and desktop printers [4], [8]- [11], desktop printers usually using ABS, polycarbonate (PC) or polylactic acid (PLA) as thermoplastic raw materials [12]. Research on new thermoplastic materials has been done, including thermoplastics with embedded metallic particles [13], reinforced with short carbon fibres [14] or natural fibres [15]- [17].…”

Crack growth analysis for rice husk reinforced polypropylene composite using equivalent initial flaw size concept

“…A combination of the hydrophobic matrix and the hydrophilic fibre usually leads to a strong bond between the two elements, thereby leading to an interfacing area. Physical effects or chemical cross-links are the two types through which polypropylene and rice husk particles interact (Cardona-Uribe et al 2018). The compatibility between hydrophobic polymers and hydrophilic fibres increase with the used of Struktol TR016 as compatibilizer.…”

Thermodynamically and kinetically favored locations of rice husk ash particles in the phase structure, and the properties of epoxidized natural rubber/thermoplastic polyurethane blends

“…The annual production of RHA is about 30 million tons, of which only a small fraction is used as filler by the cement and polymer industries. Recently, one of the world's largest tire companies (i.e., Goodyear) has introduced RHA into tires and found out that its impact on tire performance to be equal to conventional silica . The current work is part of an effort to promote value‐added RHA‐based products with green polymers, particularly natural rubber/thermoplastic polyurethane (NR/TPU) blends.…”