“…After Wang et al (1994) reported the ability of LA-ICP-MS to spatially resolve elemental distributions in teleost scales, the technique was adopted in subsequent microchemical studies (e.g., Farrell et al 2000;Hol a et al 2009;Campbell et al 2015). Recent technological advancements include the coupling of laser ablation and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry to analyze scale mercury concentrations at fine spatial resolution (Beaudin et al 2010) and to create depth profiles for trace elements within scales using modified LA-ICP-MS (Hol a et al 2011).…”
Microchemical analyses of fish otoliths have revolutionized fisheries science. Molecules deposited within otoliths may originate from ambient water and diet, with molecular concentrations being subject to subsequent physiological alteration after exposure. Analyses of otolith microstructure and incorporation of inorganic elements have led to major advances in stock assessment and fisheries ecology. However, the use of otoliths for microchemical analyses has drawbacks. Specifically, otolith removal from live specimens requires specimen sacrifice, which may be forbidden in the case of protected species. In addition, otoliths rarely contain sufficient concentrations of organic matter to allow reconstruction of food-web relationships via multiple stable isotopes, and otolith microstructure can be difficult to interpret in some species. Here, we review alternatives to otoliths that can provide microchemical analytes for life-history studies in fishes. Our focus is to describe advantages and disadvantages to the use of each alternative structure, with particular attention paid to trace-element analysis for inorganic matrices and stable-isotope analysis for organic ones. In general, the chronological analysis of elemental and isotopic values within each structure depends on the inert nature (or lack of molecular turnover) of the tissue. Structures with high turnover rates or those that are metabolically active will not effectively record elemental or isotopic compositions over time. Here, we provide an assessment of the use of bony endoskeleton, fin spines, fin rays, scales, and eye lenses as alternatives or complements to fish otolith analysis.
“…After Wang et al (1994) reported the ability of LA-ICP-MS to spatially resolve elemental distributions in teleost scales, the technique was adopted in subsequent microchemical studies (e.g., Farrell et al 2000;Hol a et al 2009;Campbell et al 2015). Recent technological advancements include the coupling of laser ablation and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry to analyze scale mercury concentrations at fine spatial resolution (Beaudin et al 2010) and to create depth profiles for trace elements within scales using modified LA-ICP-MS (Hol a et al 2011).…”
Microchemical analyses of fish otoliths have revolutionized fisheries science. Molecules deposited within otoliths may originate from ambient water and diet, with molecular concentrations being subject to subsequent physiological alteration after exposure. Analyses of otolith microstructure and incorporation of inorganic elements have led to major advances in stock assessment and fisheries ecology. However, the use of otoliths for microchemical analyses has drawbacks. Specifically, otolith removal from live specimens requires specimen sacrifice, which may be forbidden in the case of protected species. In addition, otoliths rarely contain sufficient concentrations of organic matter to allow reconstruction of food-web relationships via multiple stable isotopes, and otolith microstructure can be difficult to interpret in some species. Here, we review alternatives to otoliths that can provide microchemical analytes for life-history studies in fishes. Our focus is to describe advantages and disadvantages to the use of each alternative structure, with particular attention paid to trace-element analysis for inorganic matrices and stable-isotope analysis for organic ones. In general, the chronological analysis of elemental and isotopic values within each structure depends on the inert nature (or lack of molecular turnover) of the tissue. Structures with high turnover rates or those that are metabolically active will not effectively record elemental or isotopic compositions over time. Here, we provide an assessment of the use of bony endoskeleton, fin spines, fin rays, scales, and eye lenses as alternatives or complements to fish otolith analysis.
“…Scales share many properties with otoliths that allow them to be used as a non-lethal analogue. Both structures have incremental growth and incorporate chemical constituents from the surrounding environment and diet (Wells et al 2000, Holá et al 2011. Scales have a bipartite architecture composed of an external layer underlain by a basal plate.…”
Sustainability within the fisheries of the commercially important European whelk Buccinum undatum has become a major concern because of over-exploitation and increased landings in many European coastal shelf seas due to the expansion of export markets to East Asian countries. Current management of B. undatum populations is difficult to achieve as several life history traits are problematic to accurately monitor. The current method of age determination for stock assessment has a low success rate and focuses on the use of putative annual rings on the surface of the organic operculum. Here, we validate an annual periodicity of growth ring formation in B. undatum statoliths that provides an alternative, reliable and accurate method for determining a whelk's age. Laboratory-reared juvenile B. undatum of known provenance and age deposited a hatching ring at the time of emergence from their egg capsule and a clearly defined growth ring during February of their first and second years. Stable oxygen isotope profiles from the shells of 2 adult whelks confirmed annual growth ring deposition by demonstrating seasonal cycles of δ
18O in the shell that matched the relative position and number of visible growth rings in the statolith. Validation of annually resolved statolith growth rings will, for the first time, provide fisheries scientists with a tool to determine the age structure of B. undatum populations and allow analytical stock assessments that will enable informed decisions for future management practices of whelk fisheries.
“…Generally, fish scale is considered worthless, impracticable, and dismissed as a waste. However, it is known that fish scale contains numerous valuable organic and inorganic components, mainly collagen and hydroxyapatite [3], which have commercial value for use in manufacturing functional foods, cosmetics, and biomedical products [4][5][6].…”
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.