Abstract:A Hipótese Saxe/Goldstein foi gerada no seio da arqueologia processual e, como tal, pretendia-se capaz de reconstruir as dimensões sociais das populações pretéritas a partir do estudo de suas práticas mortuárias. Em sua forma original, ela afirmava que a emergência de cemitérios formais seria resultado de um aumento na competição por recursos vitais; o que, por sua vez, levaria à formação de grupos corporativos de descendência cujo objetivo seria monopolizar o acesso a esses recursos; e esse monopólio seria le… Show more
“…Entretanto, essa conexão não era necessariamente étnico-cultural, mas de natureza puramente paisagística e tecnológica. É importante salientar que a Lapa do Santo, assim como a maioria dos abrigos onde se encontram esqueletos humanos durante o Holoceno Inicial, não foi exclusivamente utilizada para o enterro dos mortos e, por isso, não pode ser formalmente classificada como um cemitério (Strauss, 2012). Nesse sentido, é mais adequado empregar o conceito de um "lugar persistente" (in sensu Schlanger, 1992), que foi repetidamente ocupado devido às suas feições únicas na paisagem.…”
. This assemblage characterizes a unique diversity of funerary practices for the early Holocene. It contrasts sharply with the homogeneity traditionally attributed to the lithic technology and dietary habits of these groups. It also points to constant changes over time, contradicting the view that these groups were averse to cultural innovation.
“…Entretanto, essa conexão não era necessariamente étnico-cultural, mas de natureza puramente paisagística e tecnológica. É importante salientar que a Lapa do Santo, assim como a maioria dos abrigos onde se encontram esqueletos humanos durante o Holoceno Inicial, não foi exclusivamente utilizada para o enterro dos mortos e, por isso, não pode ser formalmente classificada como um cemitério (Strauss, 2012). Nesse sentido, é mais adequado empregar o conceito de um "lugar persistente" (in sensu Schlanger, 1992), que foi repetidamente ocupado devido às suas feições únicas na paisagem.…”
. This assemblage characterizes a unique diversity of funerary practices for the early Holocene. It contrasts sharply with the homogeneity traditionally attributed to the lithic technology and dietary habits of these groups. It also points to constant changes over time, contradicting the view that these groups were averse to cultural innovation.
“…Littleton (2002) and Littleton and Allen (2007) have criticized the definition of cemetery given by Pardoe (1988). The application of the criteria considered in the definition of the formal areas of burial leads to an image in which the larger sites (with many burials) are classified as cemeteries and smaller sites (few burials) as noncemeteries (Strauss 2012). Littleton (2002) shows that in many small sites considered non-cemeteries, funeral activities according to a well-defined formalism were made and that although small, these areas were intentionally aimed for the burial of the dead.…”
Section: Lángara Bay a Persistent Place Of Burials In Pitmentioning
In Argentine Patagonia, the type of archaeological burial "in pit" has been only identified on the coast of Lángara Bay. This modality is characterized by the presence of single and multiple primary burials. Studies on five human burials in pits are presented in this article. The aim is to compare the contexts of burials in pit at the site level and the spatial characteristics of their distribution in the Lángara Bay locality from a diachronic perspective. The approach focuses on mortuary practices and social relations of hunter-gatherer groups during the Late Holocene. A characterization of the burials, their chronologies, bioarchaeological determinations, stable isotope studies, and their spatial distribution are included. The results allow us to chronologically place the contexts between ca. 3000 and 2000 cal BP. A spatial pattern in the distribution of burials in the coastal landscape was identified. Finally, it is proposed that this part of the Patagonian coast was a persistent place of burials in pit.
“…Dentro dos abrigos rochosos, o padrão de enterramentos da Lapa do Santo (ver detalhes a seguir) apoia esta ideia e sugere um crescimento de complexidade associado com práticas sociais, em particular no que se refere ao tratamento dos mortos (Strauss, 2010(Strauss, , 2011(Strauss, , 2012Strauss et al, 2011).…”
Abstract:The karstic region of Lagoa Santa has been highly important for the discussion about the tempo and mode of the initial human dispersal into the Americas. Lapa do Santo rockshelter, excavated during the past decade, represents to date one of the largest collections of early Holocene human remains recovered from the region. Here we analyze the morphological affinities of Lapa do Santo individuals with other early series from Lagoa Santa and Colombia, contextualizing them within the modern human cranial variation across the planet. Our analyses, performed on a total of 2,059 skulls (1,071 males and 988 females), are based on complementary multivariate approaches, aiming to characterize the within-group variance and the between-group morphological affinities of the 24 series included in the analyses. Our results indicate that Lapa do Santo, and other Lagoa Santa, individuals do not present higher levels of within-group variation than modern human groups, supporting the idea that they represent a single biological population. When compared to worldwide series, the early South American groups, Lapa do Santo included, share high morphological affinities among themselves and with Australo-Melanesian and Easter Island groups. Taken together, these results suggest an increase of biological diversity in the continent during the Holocene, possibly a result of the influx of new extra-continental diversity after its initial settlement.
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