Positive relationship between seasonal Indo-Pacific Ocean wave power and SST

Abstract

The influence of increasing sea surface temperatures (SSTs), in response to greenhouse warming, on wave power (WP) remains uncertain. Here, seasonal relationships between SST anomalies and mean and extreme WP over the Indo-Pacific Ocean are examined. Overall, seasonal WP has significantly increased over much of the Pacific, Indian, and Southern Ocean by 1.21–3.10 kW/m dec−1 over 1979–2019. Contributions from wave characteristics, namely significant wave height (SWH) and peak wave period (PWP), to changes in WP show that SWH contributes most in extra-tropical regions, and PWP most in tropical regions. Further, seasonal relationships between SST anomalies and WP indicate that increases in WP are also seen during strong El Niño years in December–February, and in-phase combinations of El Niño and positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events during June–August and September–November. Results highlight both long-term increasing SSTs and climate variability roles for inducing large-scale seasonal WP changes throughout the Indo-Pacific.

Wave Climate Variability and Trends in Tuvalu Based on a 44‐Year High‐Resolution Wave Hindcast

“…A different study by Kaur et al. (2021) investigated the relationship between Indo‐Pacific Ocean wave power and SSTs using ERA5 data. The study also found an increase in wave power in the Pacific, with changes in wave period being the main contributor to the increase in the tropics.…”

Stress Resistance and Adaptation of the Aquatic Invasive Species Tubastraea Coccinea (Lesson, 1829) to Climate Change and Ocean Acidification

“…Based on our findings, TC has become a successful invader in the Western Atlantic probably due to its ability to withstand the effects of our changing climate as compared to its congener in the Indo-Pacific (TCP). Temperatures in the Western Atlantic are much cooler (season variation ranges from −2 • C to 30 • C) [65] than those in the Gulf of Mexico (20 • C to 28 • C) [66] or the Indo-Pacific, where annual temperatures remain above 28 • C [67]. Hence, the congener (TCP) used to stable seasonal temperatures seems less capable of adapting to wide-fluctuating temperatures experienced by TC.…”

Impact of leading Indo‐Pacific climatic modes in modulating the wave power variability and their trends in the North Indian Ocean

“…The mean period, and is related through the following relationship: where, α depends on the spectral shape. We have considered α = 1 (Hagerman, 2001; Kaur et al, 2021).…”

“…The run‐up and coastal inundation can be more accurately evaluated with WP rather than using single wave parameter. It also represents variations in the wave climate more precisely than the other parameters (Kaur et al, 2021; Reguero et al, 2019). Reguero et al (2019) studied the long‐term seasonal and inter‐annual variations in global mean WP using model data of 61 years.…”

“…Many such studies have been carried out globally and regionally to discuss the monthly, annual, seasonal variations in the WP (Arinaga & Cheung, 2012;Aydo gan et al, 2013;Barstow et al, 2008;Bromirski & Cayan, 2015;Bromirski & Kossin, 2008;Gunn & Stock-Williams, 2012;Hemer et al, 2017Hemer et al, , 2018Mackay, 2012;Santo et al, 2015;Yang & Oh, 2020). Kaur et al (2021) examined the seasonal relationships between sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and mean/ extreme ocean WP over the Indo-Pacific Ocean for a period of 41 years. Their study reported that Indo-Pacific region shows an increases in WP with positive correlation between SST and WP during strong El Niño years in Dec-Feb, and similarly for the co-occurrence of El Niño and positive IOD events during Jun-Aug and Sept-Nov.…”