Positive–Negative Asymmetry in Social Discrimination

Mummendey, Amélie; Otten, Sabine

doi:10.1080/14792779843000063

Cited by 176 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Those higher in domain interest expressed relatively high levels of schadenfreude without threat. Thus, these results confirm the role of threat in group evaluation more generally (see Branscombe, Ellemers, Spears & Doosje, 1999;Mummendey & Otten, 1998 for reviews), and extend them to the more subtle and contextual form represented by schadenfreude.…”

Section: Threats Of Ingroup Inferiority Increase Intergroup Schadenfrsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Malicious pleasure: Schadenfreude at the suffering of another group.

Leach

Spears²,

Branscombe

et al. 2003

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

335

292

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Two studies examined intergroup schadenfreude --malicious pleasure at an outgroup's misfortune. Study 1 showed that schadenfreude regarding a German loss in soccer was increased by interest in soccer and threats of Dutch inferiority. The effect of inferiority threat was especially strong for participants less interested in soccer, as the more interested showed relatively high schadenfreude. Study 2 replicated these effects by showing a similar pattern of schadenfreude regarding losses by Germany and Italy in another setting. However, schadenfreude toward legitimately superior Italy was lower when a norm of honest and direct expression was made salient to participants lower in soccer interest. These results establish schadenfreude as an emotion that is moderated by the salient dimensions of particular intergroup relations.

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Section: Threats Of Ingroup Inferiority Increase Intergroup Schadenfrsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The role of interest in the particular sport being studied also affirms the importance of domain relevance in studies of intergroup evaluation. A growing body of research shows that group evaluation is also sensitive to contextual and more established interest in particular domains (Mummendey & Otten, 1998).…”

Section: Conceptual Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malicious pleasure: Schadenfreude at the suffering of another group.

Leach

Spears²,

Branscombe

et al. 2003

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

335

292

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several studies have noted that children are sometimes more willing to differentiate between groups on positive attributes and much less reliably show intergroup discrimination on negative attributes (e.g., Bennett et al, 2004;Bennett, Lyons, Sani & Barrett, 1998;Bigler, Jones & Lobliner, 1997;Bigler, Brown & Markell, 2001). This phenomenon has been termed the dpositive-negative asymmetry effectT (PNA effect: Mummendey & Otten, 1998;Mummendey et al, 1992;Otten, Mummendey & Blanz, 1996). However, studies that have noted the PNA effect typically involved children aged 6 years and above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allowed for an examination of the positive vs. negative valence of the evaluative dimension (Mummendey & Otten, 1998), which has been relatively ignored in previous research on children's intergroup attitudes. Several studies have noted that children are sometimes more willing to differentiate between groups on positive attributes and much less reliably show intergroup discrimination on negative attributes (e.g., Bennett et al, 2004;Bennett, Lyons, Sani & Barrett, 1998;Bigler, Jones & Lobliner, 1997;Bigler, Brown & Markell, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These features of preschool children mean they are less likely to react to social constraints against displaying explicitly negative racial bias. Second, adult research suggests that when participants are asked to show negative intergroup attitudes they recategorize the situation into busQ (i.e., bparticipantsQ, whether belonging to the din-groupT or dout-groupT) and bthemQ (i.e., bresearchersQ who are asking us to be explicitly negative) and this should reduce intergroup bias in the negative area (Gaertner & Dovidio, 2000;Gardham & Brown, 2001;Mummendey & Otten, 1998). However, developmental research indicates that the social-cognitive ability of young children to engage in multiple classifications is poor (Barenboim, 1981;Doyle & Aboud, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interracial contact and racial constancy: A multi-site study of racial intergroup bias in 3–5 year old Anglo-British children

Rutland

Cameron

Bennett

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology

112

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This paper examined the influence of interracial contact and racial constancy on the racial intergroup bias of young Anglo-British children. This multi-site study was conducted in areas of Great Britain that varied in terms of racial diversity. The study also investigated whether preschool children express bias on positive, but not negative, valence attributions. Anglo-British children (N = 136) between 3 and 5 years of age with different levels of interracial contact undertook a racial stereotype attribution measure and three tasks to assess racial constancy. Significantly more racial bias was shown towards the African Caribbean-British compared to the Asian-British or Oriental-British racial out-groups. As predicted, only children in racially mixed areas failed to show discrimination in favor of the white in-group on both the positive and negative trait attributions. In addition, higher racial constancy was related significantly to greater racial intergroup bias. These findings suggest that racial intergroup bias amongst 3-5 year old children may be reduced through the promotion of interracial contact, because at this age children are already beginning to develop racial constancy. D

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About the impact of automaticity in the minimal group paradigm: evidence from affective priming tasks

Otten

Wentura

1999

Eur. J. Soc. Psychol.

Self Cite

183

135

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Two experiments examined whether novel, minimal ingroups are automatically associated with positive aect while outgroups do not elicit such positive evaluative default. Participants were assigned to social categories in a typical minimal group setting and subsequently administered a masked priming task, i.e. prime words were not consciously recognized. Following either the presentation of a priori positive or negative words or the presentation of the group labels, participants classi®ed adjectives with regard to their valence ( positive/negative). In Experiment 1, a standard aective priming paradigm was realized with response latencies as dependent measures; in Experiment 2, a response window technique was used, with errors as crucial measure. In both studies, signi®cant aective congruency eects emerged similarly for standard primes and category labels, indicating ingroup bias on an implicit level.

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Positive–Negative Asymmetry in Social Discrimination

Cited by 176 publications

References 31 publications

Malicious pleasure: Schadenfreude at the suffering of another group.

Malicious pleasure: Schadenfreude at the suffering of another group.

Interracial contact and racial constancy: A multi-site study of racial intergroup bias in 3–5 year old Anglo-British children

About the impact of automaticity in the minimal group paradigm: evidence from affective priming tasks

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