Positive correlation between <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> vaccine antigen concentration and protection in vaccinated rainbow trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> evaluated by a tail fin infection model

Marana, Moonika Haahr; Skov, Jakob; Chettri, Jiwan Kumar; Krossøy, Bjørn; Dalsgaard, Inger; Kania, Per W.; Buchmann, Kurt

doi:10.1111/jfd.12527

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Antigens are presented to central lymphoid organs following uptake whereupon protective immune responses are initiated (Chilmonczyk, ; Tatner, ; Tatner & Manning, ; Zapata, Diez, Cejalvo, Gutierrez‐de Frias, & Cortes, ) and it may be hypothesized that this process may be less effective in immersion vaccinated fish. Thus, the antigen concentration in a vaccine is positively correlated with protection and antibody production of fish (Dubey et al., ; Marana et al., ), which will support the notion that immunization efficacy by immersion is lower than injection. This is supported by investigations showing that administration of vaccine by injection significantly improve survival rate and/or raised antibody levels compared to the immersion vaccinated and unvaccinated control groups (Chettri et al., , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Sublethal exposure of vaccinated fish to live bacteria was performed using a Danish strain of Y. ruckeri O1 biotype 2 (100415‐1/4), which originally was obtained from an ERM outbreak in a Danish trout farm (Dalsgaard & Madsen, ; Wheeler et al., ). Fish were anesthetized with MS222, and the upper part of the caudal fin was punctured using an epidermal puncture device for fish fins (Marana et al., ), which produced 10 perforations of the tail fin epidermis to allow bacterial entry. The live bacteria were administered by adding 100 μl of bacterin (7.7 × 10 8 CFU) on the punctured fin for 90 s. After exposure to the live bacteria, fish were placed in a small aerated fish tank for recovery whereafter the exposed fish were returned to the experimental tanks (water volume 100 L).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary immune response of rainbow trout following repeated immersion vaccination

Jaafar

Al‐Jubury

Chettri

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Teleosts are able to raise a protective immune response, comprising both innate and adaptive elements, against various pathogens. This is the basis for a widespread use of vaccines, administered as injection or immersion, in the aquaculture industry. It has been described that repeated injection vaccination of fish raises a secondary immune response, consisting of rapid, accelerated and increased antibody reaction.This study reports how rainbow trout responds to repeated immersion vaccination against yersiniosis (ERM) caused by the bacterial pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. It was found that rainbow trout does not raise a classical secondary response following repeated immersion vaccination. Serum antibody titres were merely slightly increased even after three immunizations, using 30-s immersion into a bacterin consisting of formalin-inactivated Y. ruckeri (serotype O1, biotypes 1 and 2), performed over a 3-month period. The densities of IgM-positive lymphocytes in spleen of fish immunized three times were increased compared to control fish, but no general trend for an increase with the number of immunizations was noted. The lack of a classical secondary response following repeated immersion vaccination may partly be explained by limited uptake of antigen by immersion compared to injection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary immune response of rainbow trout following repeated immersion vaccination

Jaafar

Al‐Jubury

Chettri

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…injection. The vaccine efficacy was assessed by infection trial and by measuring the antibody reactivity in immunized fish on grounds that the antibody response has in several studies confirmed to be closely correlated to protection [ 14 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subunit vaccine candidates against Aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

et al. 2017

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Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the etiological agent of furunculosis and a major fish health problem in salmonid aquaculture worldwide. Injection vaccination with commercial mineral oil-adjuvanted bacterin vaccines has been partly successful in preventing the disease but in Danish rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) aquaculture furunculosis outbreaks still occur. In this study we tested the efficacy of experimental subunit vaccines against A. salmonicida infection in rainbow trout. We utilized in silico screening of the proteome of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strain A449 and identified potential protective protein antigens that were tested by in vivo challenge trial. A total of 14 proteins were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and prepared in 3 different subunit vaccine combinations to immunize 3 groups of rainbow trout by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The fish were exposed to virulent A. salmonicida 7 weeks after immunization. To assess the efficacy of the subunit vaccines we evaluated the immune response in fish after immunization and challenge infection by measuring the antibody levels and monitoring the survival of fish in different groups. The survival of fish at 3 weeks after challenge infection showed that all 3 groups of fish immunized with 3 different protein combinations exhibited significantly lower mortalities (17–30%) compared to the control groups (48% and 56%). The ELISA results revealed significantly elevated antibody levels in fish against several protein antigens, which in some cases were positively correlated to the survival.

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“…We have developed and tested a new challenge method that aims to mimic the natural infection route in aquaculture settings [11]. This method takes into consideration that fish in aquaculture are prone to physical injuries due to fin biting [12] [13] [14].…”

Section: Immunoprophylactic Measures With Focus On Vaccination Represmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 17 weeks post-vaccination (wpv) 50 vaccinated fish and 50 control fish in duplicate tanks (each containing 25 fish, now with a mean weight of 45 g) were challenged with AS by a new challenge method using a multi-puncture device [11]. The multi-puncture device was composed of a plastic cylinder equipped with a rubber plug carrying 10 steel needles ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

A New Furunculosis Challenge Method for Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy in Rainbow Trout

Marana

Chettri²,

Skov

et al. 2016

OJI

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Experimental infection of fish for vaccine efficacy studies is associated with several limitations. Administration of live bacteria with the purpose of causing disease in fish can be performed by co-habitation, immersion or injection. We have developed a new Aeromonas salmonicida challenge method for rainbow trout and have applied it for evaluation of furunculosis vaccine efficacy. The method reveals development of systemic immunity in fish as live bacteria are introduced in the tail fin epidermis distant from the vaccine injection site (peritoneal cavity). This method seeks to mimic natural infection in fish farms where tail biting and therefore bacterial exposure to tail fin ulcers is widespread. By use of a multi-needle device ten epidermal perforations were introduced in the dorsal part of the tail fin of anaesthetized rainbow trout (vaccinated or naive). Subsequently 100 µL (3.4 × 10 8 colony-forming units (CFU) mL −1) of a 48 hour culture of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strain 090710-1/23 was placed at the perforation site for 60 sec whereafter fish were allowed to regain consciousness in clean freshwater. Immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy illustrated the spread of bacteria from the injection site. Classical furunculosis symptoms associated with a high morbidity rate were observed in control fish whereas vaccinated fish exhibited a significantly higher survival.

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Positive correlation between Aeromonas salmonicida vaccine antigen concentration and protection in vaccinated rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss evaluated by a tail fin infection model

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Secondary immune response of rainbow trout following repeated immersion vaccination

Secondary immune response of rainbow trout following repeated immersion vaccination

Subunit vaccine candidates against Aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

A New Furunculosis Challenge Method for Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy in Rainbow Trout

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